1. SECTION 2: THE EUROPEAN WORLD
CHAPTER 1
SECTION 2:
THE EUROPEAN WORLD

2. EUROPEANS
DRIVEN BY A DESIRE FOR WEALTH & A SENSE OF DUTY TO SPREAD THEIR RELIGION

3. THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES AD 500- 1300 MEDIEVAL PERIOD EUROPEAN INVASIONS
GERMAN FRANKS SETTLED ACROSS EUROPE
FROM THE NORTH VIKINGS LOOTED & BURNED VILLAGES
MUSLIMS SOUGHT TO SPREAD THEIR RELIGION

4. FEUDALISM
TO PROTECT THEMSELVES AGAINST THESE THREATS, EUROPEANS CREATED FEUDALISM.
POWERFUL NOBLE OR LORD DIVIDED HIS LARGE LANDHOLDINGS AMONG LESS LORDS, WHO IN RETURN OWED HIM MILITARY SERVICE & OTHER SERVICES
BASIS WAS THE MANOR (LARGE ESTATE OF THE LORD)

5. PEASANTS (SERFS) FARMED THE LAND & GAVE THEIR LORD A PORTION OF THE HARVEST IN EXCHANGE FOR SHELTER & PROTECTION
FORBIDDEN TO LEAVE
MANOR PRODUCED EVERYTHING A FEUDAL SOCIETY NEEDED AS A RESULT EUROPEAN FOREIGN TRADE DIED OUT

6. MEDIEVAL RELIGION
ROMAN CATHOLIC GOVERED THE SPIRITUAL LIFE OF MEDIEVAL CHRISTIANS.
POPE HAD AUTHORITY OVER EMPERORS & KINGS
CLERGY PERFORMED RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES, OWNED LARGE PLOTS OF LAND & WERE LORDS OF MANORS
CLERGYS POWER CAME FROM THE FACT THEY WERE THE ONLY EDUCATED PEOPLE IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE.

7. EVERY CHRISTIAN WAS EXPECTED TO SHOW UNQUESTIONING OBEDIENCE TO CHURCH AUTHORITY

8. THE LATE MIDDLE AGES AROUND THE YEAR 1000
NEW FARMING METHODS LED TO MORE POPULATION & COMPETITION FOR LAND
NEW TRADE ROUTES TO ASIA

9. THE CRUSADES MUSLIM EMPIRE POWER GREW.
1077- MUSLIMS FROM TURKEY SEIZED JERUSALEM.
CHURCH ORGANIZED A SERIES OF MILITARY CAMPAIGNS TO TAKE JERUSALEM BACK (FAILED)

10. THE CRUSADES REAL IMPACT- INCREASED EUROPEAN AWARENESS OF THE WORLD BEYOND THEIR BORDERS & ACCELERATED ECONOMIC CHANGE
CRUSADERS BROUGHT BACK SPICES, PERFUMES, FABRICS FROM ASIA
1271- MARCO POLO WENT TO CHINA
WROTE ABOUT HIS EXPERIENCES THAT SENT EUROPEAN MERCHANTS SCRAMBLING TO SET UP TRADING MISSIONS TO THE EAST.

11. THE GROWTH OF CITIES
MERCHANTS SOLD THEIR FOREIGN GOODS AT FARES SET UP ALONG WATER & TRADE ROUTES
GROWTH OF CITIES AND TRADE IN EUROPE HAD 3 MAJOR EFFECTS.

12. THREE EFFECTS
CREATED A MIDDLE CLASS
REVIVED A MONEY ECONOMY
CONTRIBUTED TO THE EVENTUAL BREAKDOWN OF THE FEUDAL SYSTEM

13. THE RISE OF MONARCHS
EUROPES GROWING WEALTH INCREASED THE POWER OF THE MONARCHS. (THOSE WHO RULE OVER A STATE OR TERRITORY)
ATTRACTED THE LOYALTY OF THE MIDDLE CLASS BY PROTECTING TRADE ROUTES & KEEPING THE PEACE
OFTEN LED TO CLASHES BETWEEN KINGS OR NOBLES
KING JOHN OF ENGLAND WAS FORCED TO SIGN THE MAGNA CARTA IN 1215 “GREAT CHARTER”

14. GREAT CHARTER
NOT ONLY SHAPED BRITISH LAW AND GOVERNMENT BUT BECAME THE FOUNDATION FOR FUTURE AMERICAN IDEALS OF LIBERTY AND JUSTICE.

15. THE RISE OF UNIVERSITIES
NEEDED PEOPLE TO RUN GOVERNMENTS OR IN CHURCH
ANCIENT WRITINGS WERE TRANSLATED INTO LATIN
THESE WERE THE BEGINNINGS OF A CULTURAL REVOLUTION SOON TO SWEEP THE CONTINENT.

16. THE “BLACK DEATH” 1300’S “THE PLAGUE”
KILLED 1/3 OF EUROPE’S POPULATION
CARRIED BY FLEAS ON RATS
CAUSED STARVATION, RIOTS, & ECONOMIC COLLAPSE
CAME A LOSS OF RELIGIOUS FAITH, PEOPLE BEGAN DOUBTING CHURCH TEACHINGS

17. THE RENAISSANCE “REBIRTH” ENORMOUS CREATIVITY & RAPID CHANGE
THE PURSUIT OF LEARNING
QUEST FOR KNOWLEDGE (ART, LITERATURE, SCIENCE, PHILOSOPHY, ECONOMICS, & POLITICAL THOUGHT)

18. MICHELANGELO, DA VINCI, & SHAKESPEARE
BROUGHT ORDER & UNITY TO EUROPE
BEGAN USING REASON & EXPERIMENTATION TO UNDERSTAND THE PHYSICAL WORLD

19. CULTURAL CHANGES IN ITALY
THE RENAISSANCE FLOURISHED IN THE CITIES OF NORTHERN ITALY.

20. A GOLDEN AGE
1400’S AND 1500’S
RENAISSANCE ART EXPLORED THE PHYSICAL WORLD & THE INDIVIDUAL ROLE IN IT
THIS CORE PHILOSOPHY OF THE PERIOD IS CALL
HUMANISM

21. THE PRINTING PRESS JOHANN GUTENBERG FIRST BOOK WAS THE BIBLE
COMMUNICATION REVOLUTION
200 MILLION BOOKS CAME OFF EUROPEAN PRESS

22. THE REFORMATION 1517- MARTIN LUTHER LED THE REFORMATION
DECLARED THE BIBLE WAS THE TRUE AUTHORITY
PROTESTANTS- PROTESTED CATHOLIC AUTHORITY

23. THE RISE OF NATIONS GOVERNMENT BY LOCAL NOBLES & THE CHURCH DECLINED
EUROPE THOUGHT OF THEMSELVES AS MEMBERS OF NATIONS

24. SEAFARING TECHNOLOGY COMPETITION FOR ASIAN TRADE
1400- ONLY WAY TO REACH ASIA WAS TO REACH BY LAND
NEW TECHNOLOGY- COMPASS, ASTROLABE (ancient astronomical computer for solving problems relating to time and the position of the Sun and stars in the sky) & QUADRANT

25. PORTUGAL TAKES TO THE SEAS
1418- PRINCE HENRY
“THE NAVIGATOR” ESTABLISHED A MARINERS SCHOOLS
DEVELOPED THE CARAVEL, THE FINAL TOOL FOR LON RANGE VOYAGES. COULD SAIL WITH THE WIND AND AGAINST IT.
1488- BARTHOLOMEU DIAS SAILED AROUND THE SOUTHERN TIP OF AFRICA “CAPE OF GOOD HOPE”

26. 1497- VASCO DA GAMA SAILED TO INDIA
1497- VASCO DA GAMA SAILED TO INDIA. THE FIRST SEA ROUTE FROM EUROPE TO ASIA WAS OPEN.
                                                       

27. COMPETITION TO THE SEAS
FERDINAND & ISABELLA OF SPAIN
LAUNCHED THE INQUISITION
CAMPAIGN BASED ON RACIAL PREJUDICE
GOAL WAS TO DISCOVER & PUNISH JEWS & MUSLIMS WHO WERE POSING AS CHRISTIANS
1492- ALL JEWS REFUSING TO BE BAPTIZED WERE EXPELLED FROM SPAIN

28. GOALS
SURPASS PORTGUAL IN THE SEA RACE
BRING CHRISTIANITY TO NEW LANDS