1. Section 2 TO BE: IT, THERE AND THE SIMPLE PAST OF TO BE It to talk about the weather, What ’ s the weather like today? It ’ s sunny and hot. What ’ s the temperature today? It ’ s 32 C° (degrees centigrade).

2. It to tell the time and the date What time is it? It ’ s twelve o ’ clock. What day is it? It ’ s Monday. What month is it? It ’ s October.

3. Questions with when, what day and what time. Prepositions of time When is your birthday? It ’ s on May 10 th. Or 10 th of May. What day is the party? It ’ s on Sunday. What time is the party? It ’ s at eight o ’ clock

4. Statements with there + to be Affirmative Singular: There is a woman at the door. Plural: There are two cups on the table. Negative Singular: There isn ’ t a glass on the table. Plural: There aren ’ t any glasses on the table.

5. Questions with there + to be Is there a bank in the town? Yes, there is. No, there isn ’ t Are there any shops in the town? Yes, there are.No, there aren ’ t. How many restaurants are there? There are three restaurants.

6. The conjunctions and, but and or To add information use: and The coat is beautiful, and it is warm. The food is good and cheap. There are bags and books on the table. There are pencils in the bag and on the floor. To give contrasting idea use: but I want to buy the dress, but I don ’ t have money or I haven ’ t got any money. She is tired but happy. To give a choice use: or Take the red pen or take the blue pen. Is it good or bad? It ’ s good or bad.

7. The Simple Past of to be: affirmative and negative statements subject + to be (not) + time expression I was (not) here yesterday. You were (not) heretwo hours ago. He/She/It was (not) herethree weeks ago. We were (not) herefour months ago. You were (not) here last night/week.. They were (not) here in 1980. was not (wasn ’ t) were not (weren ’ t)

8. The Simple Past of to be: yes, no questions Was I here yesterday? Yes, you were. No, you weren ’ t. Were you here yesterday? Was he/she/it here yesterday? Yes, he/she/it was. No, he/she/it wasn ’ t. Were we/you/they here yesterday?

9. The Simple Past of to be: wh- questions Where were you born? I was born in Makkah. When was I there? You were there three years ago. What was she? She was an actress. How old were they? They were nineteen.