1. © 2016 by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 1.2–1

2. © 2016 by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 1.2–2

3. © 2016 by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 1.2–3

4. © 2016 by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 1.2–4 Ser and estar both mean to be, but they are not interchangeable. Ser is used to express the idea of permanence, such as inherent or unchanging qualities and characteristics. Estar is used to express temporality, including qualities or conditions that change with time.

5. © 2016 by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 1.2–5 Ser and estar with adjectives Ser is used with adjectives to describe inherent, expected qualities. Estar is used to describe temporary or variable qualities, or a change in appearance or condition. ¿Cómo son tus padres?¿Cómo estás, Miguel? What are your parents like?How are you, Miguel? La casa es muy pequeña.¡Están tan enojados! The house is very small.They’re very angry!

6. © 2016 by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 1.2–6 With most descriptive adjectives, either ser or estar can be used, but the meaning of each statement is different. Julio es alto.¡Qué alto está Miguelito! Julio is tall. (that is, a tall person)Miguelito is getting so tall! Dolores es alegre.El jefe está alegre hoy. ¿Qué le pasa? Dolores is cheerful. (that is, a cheerful person) The boss is cheerful today. What’s up with him? Juan Carlos es un hombre guapo.¡Manuel, estás muy guapo! Juan Carlos is a handsome man.Manuel, you look so handsome!

7. © 2016 by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 1.2–7 Some adjectives have two different meanings depending on whether they are used with ser or estar.

8. © 2016 by Vista Higher Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 1.2–8 Estar, not ser, is used with muerto/a. Bécquer, el autor de las Rimas, está muerto. Bécquer, the author of Rimas, is dead.