1. HIGH CAPACITY PBX SYSTEM - TECHNICAL INTRODUCTION -

2. PURPOSE
Purpose of this presentation is to summarize the technical points about DS200L system.

3. SYSTEM DEFINITION DS200L system consists of :
♣ TW200 (Tower200) towers
♣ PCU200 (PC Unit) Block,
♣ DCC Block,
♣ A network switch,
♣ An inverter
♣ Power Block ( DELTA etc. )
In the figure, DS200L system
and its units in a 6-rack cabinet
and 19” closet are illustarated.

4. PROPERTIES Fundamental differences of the DS200L system from the DS200
systems are briefly as follows :
It has high capacity,
It is possible to install UTIL 4E1 cards on UTIL200 cards,
The PCU200 Block fulfills the tasks of the CPU card,
It is possible to utilize the CC200 cards in racks, instead of the CPU200 card
It has the DCC Block,
The units communicate over LAN through TCP/IP connection,
The Delta power block or similar power supplies are utilized instead of the SPS200 power supply at high capacities,
It utilizes Inverter and Network Switch.
NOTE: Since the system can support 16 towers, its maximum capacity is
calculated as 16*672=

5. Physical Connections of the System

6. Physical Connections of the System
Connect the maintenance computer, the LAN Adaptor cards in the TW200 towers, the power block and the PCU200 units to the network switch for maintaining TCP/IP connection.
The DCC, the inverters and the SPS248 units are connected to the power block.
The PCU200 and the network switch, on the other hand, are connected to the inverters and receive the necessary voltage for their operation from the inverters.

7. TW200 RACK STRUCTURE
A TW200 tower consists of 3 TW200 racks, namely 1 main rack and 2 auxiliary racks ( In fact, only a single main rack is enough to establish a tower ) .
The rack structure of TW200 is similar to the usual DS200 rack structure.
The UTIL200, CPUKON and other cards that are used in DS200 racks are also used in TW200 racks.
Since the PCU Block functions as the main processor in the DS200L system, no CPU card is available. The CC200 card is employed instead of the CPU card.

8. CC200 MODULE
NOTE: No redundant CC200 is used in the DS200L exchange. Since the PCU200 block fulfills the tasks of CPU, redundancy of the PCU200 block is available in the DS200L exchange.

9. CC200 MODULE
The CC200 card is employed in the DS200L system instead of the CPU200 card.
Although its hardware structure is the same as that of the CPU200 card that is used in DS200 systems, their functions are completely different.
The function of the CC200 is : to provide communication between the PCU200 block and the racks.
The CC200, CPUKON and LAN Adaptor cards work likewise in coordination, but the LAN Adaptor software used for DS200L is completely different.
Software is loaded to the EPROMs on the CC200 card with an EPROM programmer. On the other hand, other CC software is loaded through wbcpv commands that are entered in the MSDOS command line.

10. UTIL 4E1 CARD

11. UTIL 4E1 CARD
Speech channels between the TW200 towers and the DCC block are connected through the E1 channels of the towers.
Via this card, at most 12*31= 372 channels are supplied between towers.
At most 372 extensions call talk to eachother towers simultaneously.
The UTIL 4E1 card is installed on the UTIL200 card.
4 E1 ports are available on it. Each E1 port has 31 speech channels.
Since there are 3 racks in a tower (TW200), at least 1, at most 12 E1 connections can be made per tower.
The E1 ports that are on the UTIL 4E1 cards are connected directly to the DCC 8E1 cards that are in the DCC Block.
There is an EPROM on each of the UTIL200 and UTIL 4E1 cards. Software is loaded to those EPROMs with an EPROM programmer.

12. PCU200 BLOCK

13. INFORMATION
PCU200 ( PC Unit ) is a processor structure that has been based on a 19” PC which controls all functions of the exchange.
The PC that functions as the PCU200 is 19” in width, 2U in height and 80 cm in depth. It is placed in a 19” closet.
***The master software of the exchange runs under the Linux Suse 10.1 O/S.
► The minimum requirements of a DS200L PCU block:
Pentium IV 2.4 GHz. processor
60 GB hard disk
1 GB RAM

14. PCU200
The master software runs under LINUX in real time and performs its functions by means of a file system.
Using this file system, the entire exchange parameters, statistical data, call records, alarm information, etc. are stored in separate files on hard disk.
PCU200 and the redundant PCU200.

15. COMMUNICATION
PCU200 communicates with the other units within the exchange over the TCP/IP protocol.
PCU200 is the unit that initiates intra-exchange communication.
Communication among the exchange units are performed
entirely by PCU200.
Units that communicates with PCU200 over the IP network,
DCC and TW200 units are sorted and queried according to
an IP and TCP Port number table that is on PCU200.

16. COMMUNICATION
Thanks to that structure, both of the blocks that carry out TDM and IP switching can be controlled by the same center.
Besides, PCU200, which provides communication through the Ethernet structure, has completely been isolated from exterior factors.
That fact is extremely essential considering that the system security is thus increased.

17. REDUNDANCY
It is possible to back up the PCU200 block upon wish, with another PC that is a one-to-one copy of it.
The redundant and functional PCU200 blocks are in connection with each-other through Ethernet.
In case of any malfunction that occurs in the functional PCU200 block, the redundant PCU200 directly becomes functional.
That transition is transparent, i.e., users observe no interruption in system services.

18. DIRECTORY STRUCTURE OF PCU200
The PC on which PCU200 runs has no direct user interface. The purpose here is protecting the computer from any kind of user errors.
User computers that are on the same LAN provide access to PCU200. By this way, while it is possible to access all information on PCU200, raw data within the exchange is protected.
As a result of all those protection measures, the exchange security has been maximized.

19. DIRECTORY STRUCTURE OF PCU200
A special partition has been created on the hard disk of the PCU200
computer. There is a directory, namely karel, under that partition. Pieces of
software and the files the exchange creates as it operates are in a subfolder
which is under that directory and which is compatible with the exchange
software For example: karel/ bin/ z_new_23.rpm

20. DIRECTORY STRUCTURE OF PCU200
The directory structure above is created by the user on the
Windows PC in order to make copy process from this PC to
PCU200.
Since the same directory structure exists on the Linux PC
(PCU200), that operation is also necessary to check and copy
the specified files.

21. DIRECTORY STRUCTURE OF PCU200
► There are 3 folders under the directory karel, namely sbin, bin and home.
● There are 6 files in the folder sbin.
1) dsinit: It specifies the master software that is to run in the system.
2) check: It allows the read-write-execute permissions of the files to be set.
3) dslog: It allows the system logs to be displayed.
4) stop: It allows the system to be stopped.
5) start: It allows the system to be started up.
6) arpsave: IP and MAC addresses of LAN Adaptor cards in TW200 towers
are stored in this file.

22. DIRECTORY STRUCTURE OF PCU200
There are 5 files in the folder home.
log: Files for analyzing ( for maintenance) related to the entire
operations, which are created during the operation of the exchange are
kept in this folder.
*** 2 million lines of log data in total are stored in two files(curr.log&prev.log)
► One of them, the file curr.log, is the file to which active operations of the
exchange is recorded.
► On the other hand, the file prev.log contains log data that has been
recorded during the previous session.
► nks_err.log and nks.log are the log files that pertain to the NetConsole
Server.

23. DIRECTORY STRUCTURE OF PCU200
2) cm: The files cm00.bin, cm01.bin, cm15.bin, which
contains the call record information of the exchange are
kept in this folder.
♣ Size of each file is 16 MB
♣ call records in total are stored in the exchange
memory.
NOTE : NetConsole Server is embedded and automatically
runs on the MASTER PC.

24. DIRECTORY STRUCTURE OF PCU200
3) conf: This file consists of two parts.
The folder conf and the text files pbxcomm.conf and dsinit.conf, which are
to be located in it, are supposed to be created manually before installation
of the exchange begins.
pbxcomm.conf is the file that specifies the IP addresses, orders and TCP
Port numbers of TW200 towers and DCC block.
Explanations of pbxcomm.conf are written inside the file. The file
dsinit.conf specifies the master software to run on the system .

25. The file pbxcomm.conf

26. DIRECTORY STRUCTURE OF PCU200
4) Data: The files pertaining to the entire programmed parameters in
the exchange are stored in this folder.
5) Alarm: The files alarm00.bin and alarm01.bin, which contain alarm
information of the exchange are stored in this folder.

27. DCC (Digital Cross Connect) BLOCK
A DCC block consists of the units below:
DCC Chassis
DCC Backplane
DCC Utility Card
DCC 8E1 Card
DCC Power In Card

28. DCC
The DCC Block is the switching matrix that fulfills the main switching function for the exchange.
Its structure includes the main switching controller card ( DCC UTIL), 14 of 8E1 card slots and a power regulation card (DCC Power In).
Due to its standard 19” structure, it is placed in the same 19” cabinet with PCU.

29. DCC Chassis The DCC chassis is a 19”, 6U-high box, which has been
formed into aluminum cage structure and which mechanically
places the entire cards in contact.
It has slots for 17 cards inside, which is composed of
plastic rails that are at the top and bottom of the slot.

30. DCC Backplane
Communication of the entire electronic units in the DCC block is over the DCC backplane.
The DCC backplane transfers all signals used by DCC cards to pertinent card slots and it distributes the power coming from the DCC Power In card to all card slots.
There are 2 special slots for the DCC Utility card and one special slot for the DCC Power In card on the backplane, as well as 14 slots for DCC 8E1 cards.

31. DCC Power In Card
The DCC Power In card regulates the -48 VDC feed voltage it receives from the power block of the DS200L system and transfers it to the backplane.
The Power Control Card controls the -48 VDC voltage fed to the DCC unit and minimizes surges in voltage with fuses and regulators on it.
Each DCC unit has only a single Power In card. The card definitely must not be removed from its slot while the system is on.
The card also generates the reference signal for the backplane, which is 1.5 VDC.

32. DCC Power In Card & LED Statuses
● The LEDs signifying +3V3 and +1V5 statuses are supposed to be continuously ON state during the normal operation of the system, whereas all the other LEDs are supposed to be off. ● In case the LED statuses are different from what have been specified here, the system should be checked.

33. DCC UTIL Card

34. DCC UTIL Card
The DCC UTIL card is the main unit, which controls the entire DCC functions and which includes the switching matrix.
The DCC UTIL card consists of the Utility motherboard and the PPC CPU card, which has been attached to the motherboard with two connectors that are on the motherboard.
The main processor of the DCC Utility card is the Power PC CPU card.

35. DCC UTIL Card The DCC Utility software is loaded over ftp and
HyperTerminal connection.
*** DCC UTIL software update has been explained in detail in the DS200L Maintenance Manual.

36. DCC UTIL Card LED Statuses
The LEDs on the DCC UTIL card and their functions have been explained
below:
POWER: This LED is supposed to be continuously on. If it flashes, then
the DCC block must be turned off and then back on after 15 seconds.
DSP-A, DSP-B, DSP-C, DSP-D: These LEDs signify that the DSP unit is
operational. They are supposed to be blinking.
10 RX, 10 TX, 100RX, 100TX: These are supposed to be flashing during
data transmission or reception over local area network (LAN).
CPU: It is supposed to blink.
M/S (Master/Slave): This LED is supposed to be continuously on, if the
master DCC UTIL card is functional in the DCC Block.

37. DCC UTIL Card LED Statuses
LOCK: DCC This LED is supposed to be blinking, if DCC is
using external clock. If it flickers, then that signifies there is a
problem with the external clock signal.
HOLD: This LED is supposed to be continuously on, if DCC is
using its own clock signal.
10 BASE-T, 100 BASE-T: If the upper green LED is on after a
LAN cable has been attached, then that signifies the
connection has been established. On the other hand, the red
LED signifies a problem with the cable or the connection.

38. DCC 8E1 Card

39. DCC 8E1 Card The DCC 8E1 card has 8 E1 lines, as its name already
indicates, and it can be installed in the 14 general-purpose slots
within DCC.
The DCC 8E1 card receives the 48 VDC feed voltage from
the backplane and generates the 3.3 VDC signal it needs. By
this way, the power signals within the DCC block have been
isolated from each other, so that defective units are prevented
from adversely affecting other units.
*** 8E1 cards have been numbered starting with the rightmost
slot in the DCC Block. (The rightmost slot is numbered as 0,
and the leftmost one is numbered as 13.)

40. DCC 8E1 Card The DCC 8E1 card has embedded self-test feature.
The DCC 8E1 card is capable of applying BERT to the E1 channels within DCC. By this way, any problem that might occur in the future is easily detected in advance and necessary precautions are taken before system performance deteriorates.
The DCC 8E1 card software can be updated through IDEA program or through ftp connection.
*** Refer to the DS200L Maintenance Manual for the topic
explaining in detail how to update the DCC 8E1 card
software.

41. DCC 8E1 Card
The DCC E1 lines constitute the main frame for voice transmission system of the exchange. Those lines can be used both to provide means for speech channels between DCC and TW200 towers.
The E1 lines extending to TW200 towers are connected to the 4E1 cards that are in the towers. On doing that, it is obligatory to connect at least one E1 line to each tower.

42. DCC 8E1 Card
Each E1 line provides 31 speech channels to a tower. It is sufficient to increase number of E1 connections to towers in order to increase number of speech channels.
In case where several E1 channels are connected to the TW200 4E1 card, distribution of speech channels to those E1 lines is arranged by the system automatically.
E1 channels also provide redundancy for each other, such that in case a line is broken during an ongoing conversation, all active conversations are automatically transferred to vacant channels of other E1 lines; by this way, lossless communication is maintained.

43. Switching Structure of DCC
Intra-rack and inter-rack switching in the DS200L system is conducted over the UTIL200 card, whereas inter-tower switching and switching between towers are conducted over DCC.
The DCC block has a 4096 x 4096 switching matrix. By this way, 8192 channels in the DS200L exchange can be simultaneously used for conversations.
The switching matrix on the DCC block is distributed to the TW200 towers over E1 lines in DCC. Thanks to the isolated E1 structure, trouble-free connections can be established even with the distant TW200 towers.

44. Switching Structure of DCC
Due to its structure, DCC is continuously in communication with both the TW200 towers and the PCU block. It communicates with the towers over E1 connection, whereas it communicates with the PCU Block over TCP/IP.
Number of 8E1 cards to be installed depends on the capacity of the exchange to be used.
At most 14 DCC 8E1 cards can be installed in the DCC block. By this way, the capacity may vary between 8 and 112 E1 lines.

45. Switching Structure of DCC
If the capacity provided by only a single DCC is not enough, then it may be expanded by including a second DCC in the system, so that both the switching capacity is increased from 4096 x 4096 to 8192 x 8192, and number of E1 lines is increased up to 224.
The E1 lines in the DCC are used to establish speech channel connection with the TW200 towers. 1 to 12 E1 lines can be connected to each tower, depending on capacity requirements. (Each E1 has 31 channels.)
By this way, it is possible to provide 31 to 372 speech channels for 672 extensions. Number of the E1 lines to be allocated to towers is one of the most important parameters that determine exchange capacity.

46. NETWORK SWITCH
NOTE: IP addresses of the devices specified above must be so adjusted that they are in the same local area network.

47. NETWORK SWITCH
Its function is to provide the exchange with TCP/IP connection and to coordinate the connection.
Communication and information exchange in the DS200L systems are carried out over the IP network.
The network switch is located in the 19” closet.

48. NETWORK SWITCH
► The Ethernet cables that are supposed to be connected to the switch are as follows:
♣ The Ethernet cables coming from the LAN Adaptor cards in TW200 towers ,
♣ The Ethernet cables coming from the PCU200 Block and the redundant PCU200 Block ,
♣ The Ethernet cable of the computer that is connected to the exchange for maintenance purposes ,
♣ The Ethernet cable coming from the DCC Block ,
♣ The Ethernet cable coming from the Power Supply .

49. STEPS FOR INSTALLING THE SYSTEM
► When installing the DS200L system, after the physical
connections have been made, the instructions below should be
followed in the specified order. The computer that is mentioned
as “the maintenance computer” below is a user computer in
the same local area network, on which programming work
pertaining to the system is done, and which runs the Windows
Operating system.

50. STEPS FOR INSTALLING THE SYSTEM
Power ON the desired towers in the system. Turn ON the maintenance PC.
Define separate IP addresses for each LAN adaptor card in every TW200
tower. Details regarding how to define IP addresses have been explained in the
DS200L Maintenance Manual.
NOTE: In DS200L system, CPUKON dipswitch settings should be set properly and stable.For
upgrading the CC200 card software COM2 port should be used and set for Serial
connection for upgrading required softwares, COM1 port is used for connection to the
network should be set to LAN Adaptor output.
Power ON the DCC block.
Define the IP address for the DCC block. That is done through the serial
port over the HyperTerminal connection.
*** Details regarding that operation are in the DS200L Maintenance Manual.

51. STEPS FOR INSTALLING THE SYSTEM
Reboot the DCC block (Turn it OFF and then back ON.) After
the DCC block has been turned ON, enter the command “ping” in
the MSDOS command line of the maintenance computer in order to
check whether the DCC block is reachable or not.
Example:
* Type “ping ” in the MSDOS command line and press the ENTER key. If a reply comes from the IP address , then that indicates the address is reachable.
Note down the IP and MAC addresses of the LAN adaptor
cards ( towers ) and DCC.
Power the inverter with the power block. By this way, the
PCU200 block and the network switch, too, are fed with 220 V. Turn
ON the PCU200 block by pressing the POWER button.

52. STEPS FOR INSTALLING THE SYSTEM
Reach the factory default IP address of the PCU200 block by
the ping command through the maintenance computer. That address can be
changed by the command ifconfig in the program SSH Secure Shell.
***Details regarding that operation are in the DS200L Maintenance Manual.
Run the program WinSCP on the maintenance computer. Thanks to
this program, the Linux directory structure that has been created on the
maintenance computer is copied to the PCU200 computer
After copying has been complete, conduct the following operations in
WinSCP, one by one.
Reach the file arpsave under the directory cd/karel/sbin, right-click it,
and then click the “Edit” icon to edit it. Type the MAC and IP addresses of
the LAN adaptor cards in that file.

53. STEPS FOR INSTALLING THE SYSTEM
Access the file pbxcomm.conf in a similar manner as well, in
order to edit it. Type the IP addresses of TW200 towers and the DCC
block.
Right-click the file dsinit.conf and select “Edit”. When the file opens,
type the name of the software that is to run in the system, and then save
the file.
14. Run the program SSH Secure Shell to set the red-write-execute
(r-w-x) permissions of the entire files in the karel folder by entering the
command “check” in the command line of cd/ karel/sbin.

54. PUTTING SYSTEM INTO SERVICE
Make sure the intra-rack, inter-rack and other kinds of cabling within the
DS200L system is proper. Follow the instructions below to commission the
system after installation has been completed:
1. Power on the entire system with the Power Block.
2. Turn on the PCU200 block by pressing the POWER button.
3. Connect to the PCU200 computer through SSH Secure Shell.
4. Type the command “arpsave” in the cd/karel/sbin command line and
press ENTER. Towers are identified to the system through that command.
The command must be entered when the system is commissioned for the
first time. In addition to that, it is supposed to be entered after rebooting of
the PCU200 block. It is not needed in other times.

55. PUTTING SYSTEM INTO SERVICE
Check whether the towers and the DCC block are reachable from the PCU200 block, by entering the command “ping” in the program SSH Secure Shell.
Start the system by the command “start” through the program SSH Secure Shell. The extensions begin receiving the dial tone after that command.
7. Connect to DCC through the program IDEA and check statuses of cards in the DCC block through the configuration window.

56. PUTTING SYSTEM INTO SERVICE
Halt the system by entering the command “stop” in the program SSH Secure Shell. Reboot the towers and the DCC block (except the inverter) through the power block. Then, start the system by entering the command “start”.
After the system has been put into service, check through the LEDs synchronization statuses of system units.
10. Select “ DCC Connection ” as the connection type in the program IDEA and type the IP address of the DCC block, i.e., the DCC UTIL card, so that connection is established with the DCC.

57. PUTTING SYSTEM INTO SERVICE
11. Make sure value of the parameter “SLIP rate”, which is in the “E1
Line Information” window in IDEA, does not increase in time, and rather
remains the same. Check cabling in case it keeps on increasing.
12. Select “NetConsole Server” as the connection type in the program
IDEA and type the IP address of the PCU200 block, so that connection is
established with the system. If the connection cannot be established, then
check the firewall settings of the PCU200 computer and disable the
firewall if it is active.
NOTE: The program NetConsole Server runs automatically when the
DS200L system starts.

58. PUTTING SYSTEM INTO SERVICE
Check whether it is possible to make intra-rack, inter-rack and
inter-tower calls.
14. Check whether other computer interface programs such as IDEA,
NetConsole and NetCM can run or not.

59. THANK YOU VERY MUCH...