1. The gender pay gap in large, non-public organisations in the UK www.equalityhumanrights.com

2. Background The Equality and Human Rights Commission opened on 1 October 2007 and took over the work of the three existing Commissions, including work on the gender pay gap carried out by the Equal Opportunities Commission. www.equalityhumanrights.com

3. Background The public sector already has a statutory duty to promote gender equality, including addressing causes of the gender pay gap. From April 2011 public bodies with 150+ employees will be required to publish gender pay gap data. www.equalityhumanrights.com

4. Background The Equality Act 2010 provides the UK Government with the option of requiring some non-public organisations to report information on their gender pay gap: private and voluntary organisations with 250+ employees not introduced before 2013 www.equalityhumanrights.com

5. Background EHRC invited in Spring 2009 to propose ways of measuring and sharing information on the difference between men’s and women’s pay in large private and voluntary sector organisations, so securing greater voluntary reporting and as a driver towards greater transparency. www.equalityhumanrights.com

6. Background EHRC given three specific tasks: To carry out a structured consultation of stakeholders To produce an initial baseline report and similar, annual reports for the next four years To set out proposals for what companies should report on www.equalityhumanrights.com

7. Data sources Two main statistical sources used: Secondary analysis of data from the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE) 2008 Survey data collected from a sample of large private and voluntary sector organisations www.equalityhumanrights.com

8. ASHE Analysis Main survey of earnings in UK Data on individual employees are collected directly from employers Figures are published each year on the levels, distribution and make-up of earnings and hours paid for employees within industries, occupations and regions www.equalityhumanrights.com

9. ASHE Analysis Measures of gender pay gaps: The full time gender pay gap compares women’s average full time pay and men’s average full time pay. The part time gender pay gap compares women’s average part time pay with men’s average full time pay. www.equalityhumanrights.com

10. ASHE Analysis Measures of gender pay gaps (continued): The combined gender pay gap compares average women’s pay with average men’s pay, in both cases including full time and part time employees. www.equalityhumanrights.com

11. ASHE Analysis Brief results: Gender pay gaps (on all measures) much higher in private/voluntary sectors www.equalityhumanrights.com

12. ASHE Analysis www.equalityhumanrights.com Full-time gender pay gap (%) Part-time gender pay gap (%) Combined gender pay gap (%) Mean-based Private/voluntary22.247.226.4 Public13.831.118.2 Difference8.316.08.2 Median-based Private/voluntary21.649.830.8 Public10.939.521.7 Difference10.810.49.1 Pay gaps in the private/voluntary and public sectors Employees working for large employers, ASHE 2008

13. ASHE Analysis Brief results: Gender pay gaps increase with age Women aged 40-49 and 50-59 and working part-time earn around 50% less per hour than men working full-time The part-time gender pay gap is wider in the private/voluntary sectors than the public sector from age 22-29 www.equalityhumanrights.com

14. Survey of business Commissioned from IFF Research in 2009: Establish baseline information on non- public sector employers Investigate how steps taken by employers to measure and make information public on gender pay gaps differ by sector, size of organisation, and in England, Scotland and Wales www.equalityhumanrights.com

15. Survey of business Commissioned from IFF Research in 2009: Explore reasons for measuring or making information public, or not doing so, among these organisations. Investigate what could be done to encourage employers to measure and make information public on their gender pay gap. www.equalityhumanrights.com

16. Survey of business Telephone surveys with 900 private and voluntary sector organisations with 250 or more employees Sample taken from around 6,900 organisations of this size and sector in Great Britain www.equalityhumanrights.com

17. Survey of business Results – level of analysis taking place: 43% of organisations had conducted or were conducting some analysis of their pay gap. Another 14% were planning to do so. Around half of organisations have carried out job evaluation. 23% have completed an equal pay audit and 28% have plans to conduct an audit in the future. www.equalityhumanrights.com

18. Survey of business Results - publication may be an issue: Only 16% of organisations that have completed an equal pay audit share the results internally, and this decreases to 6% externally. 20% of organisations discourage or forbid discussions about pay between colleagues and 49% give staff no information at all. www.equalityhumanrights.com

19. Proposals Employers encouraged to measure and share information on the differences between men’s and women’s pay on the basis of a choice from a menu of options. The options comprise one narrative approach and three which involve quantitative measurement of pay differences. www.equalityhumanrights.com

20. Proposals The narrative approach would explain the context, such as female participation rates; explore and analyse the causes of any gender pay gaps; describe workforce involvement in addressing the issues, and list actions being taken. Narrative would have to be combined with at least one of the quantitative measures. www.equalityhumanrights.com

21. Proposals The difference between the median hourly earnings of men and women calculated by reference to all female employees’ median pay with all male employees’ median pay. This will allow comparison with the public sector. www.equalityhumanrights.com

22. Proposals The difference between the average basic pay and total average earnings of men and women by grade and job type. The differences between men’s and women’s starting salaries. www.equalityhumanrights.com

23. Next steps The Commission will be encouraging voluntary reporting straight away for all employers within the target group. The initial baseline report will be built on to produce the first Transparency Monitoring Report in November 2010, followed by further reports annually until 2013. www.equalityhumanrights.com