2. Historical & Function of piles وظيفة الخوازيق و تاريخها
Romans الرومان
In mediaeval timesفى العصور الوسطى
In China الصين
transferring load نقل الاحمال
carry uplift loadsتقاوم احمال الرفع
used in marine structures تستخدم فى المنشات البحريه
support retaining wallsدعم الحوائط

4. Large displacement piles (driven types) خوازيق الازاحة الكبيرة ( الدق )
Timber (round or square section, jointed or continuous)
خشب ( ذو قطاع دائرى او مربع و متصل او مستمر )
Precast concrete (solid or tubular section in continuous or jointed units)
خرسانة سابقة الاجهاد ( ذو قطاع مصمت او انبوبى فى الوحدات المستمرة او المتصله )
Prestressed concrete (solid or tubular section)
خرسانة سابقة الاجهاد ( ذو قطاع مصمت او انبوبى )
Steel tube (driven with closed end)
انبوبة حديديه ( بالدق و لها مغلقة من القاعدة )
Steel box (driven with closed end)
صندوق حديدى ( بالدق و مغلق من القاعدة )
Fluted and tapered steel tube
انابيب حديدة مدببه
Jacked-down steel tube with closed end
Jacked-down solid concrete cylinder.

5. Large displacement piles (driven and cast-in-place types) خوازيق الازاحة الكبيرة ( بالدق و مصبوبة فى الموقع )
Steel tube driven and withdrawn after placing concrete
انابيب حديدية مدقوقة مع السحب بعد صب الخرسانة
Steel tube driven with closed end, left in place and filled with reinforced concrete
انابيب حديدية مدقوقة ذات نهاية مغلقة و تترك و تملئ بالخرسانة المسلحة
Precast concrete shell filled with concrete
قوقعة من الخرسانة سابقة الاجهاد تملئ بالخرسانة
Thin-walled steel shell driven by withdrawable mandrel and then filled with concrete
قوقعة من حيطان الحديد الرفيعه المدقوقة و مملوئة بالخرسانة
Rotary displacement auger and screw piles
خوازيق البريمة
Expander body.

6. Small displacement piles
(1) Precast concrete (tubular section driven with open end)
(2) Prestressed concrete (tubular section driven with open end)
(3) Steel H-section
(4) Steel tube section (driven with open end and soil removed as required)
(5) Steel box section (driven with open end and soil removed as required).

7. Replacement piles
(1) Concrete placed in hole drilled by rotary auger, baling, grabbing, airlift or reversecirculation
methods (bored and cast-in-place)
(2) Tubes placed in hole drilled as above and filled with concrete as necessary
(3) Precast concrete units placed in drilled hole
(4) Cement mortar or concrete injected into drilled hole
(5) Steel sections placed in drilled hole
(6) Steel tube drilled down.

8. Composite piles
formed by jointing a timber section to a precast concrete section, or a precast concrete pile can have an H-section jointed to its lower extremity. Composite piles consisting of more than one type can be formed by driving a steel or precast concrete unit at the base of a drilled hole or by driving a tube and then drilling out the soil and extending the drill hole to form a bored and cast-in-place pile

9. Selection of pile type
(1) The location and type of structure
(2) The ground conditions
(3) Durability

10. Driven displacement piles Timber piles الخوازيق الخشبية

12. Precast concrete piles خوازيق سابقة الصب

15. Jointed precast concrete piles وصلات خوازيق الخرسانة سابقة الصب