1. 2009 PDCA Professor Pile Institute
Pile Types
2009 PDCA Professor Pile Institute
Patrick Hannigan
GRL Engineers, Inc.

2. COMMON PILE TYPES
Precast
Concrete
Composite
Steel
Pipe
Timber
Steel H

3. Timber Pile Overview

4. Timber Piles

5. Timber Piles

6. Timber Pile - Toe Protection

7. Timber Pile - Banding

8. H-Pile Overview

9. H-Piles

10. H-Pile - Toe Protection

11. Full Penetration Groove Weld
H-Pile - Splices
Full Penetration Groove Weld
H-pile Splicer

12. H-Pile - Splices

13. Open End Pipe Pile Overview

14. Outside Cutting Shoe

15. Inside Cutting Shoe

16. Large Diameter Open Ended Pipe

17. Spin Fin Pile

18. Closed End Pipe Pile Overview

19. Typical Pipe Pile Closure Plate
Fillet
Weld
Flat Closure Plate

20. Conical Pipe Pile Tip

21. Pipe Pile - Splicing

22. Pipe Pile - Splicing

23. Internal Pipe Pile Inspection

24. Concrete Placement

25. Monotube Piles

26. Monotube Piles

27. Monotube Splicing
Cut V Notches at 90˚
Fillet Weld
Grind V Notches

28. Tapertube Piles

29. Tapertube Piles

30. Cast-In-Place (Mandrel Driven)

31. Cast-In-Place (Mandrel Driven)

32. Cast-In-Place (Mandrel Driven)

33. Prestressed Concrete Overview

34. Prestressed Concrete

35. Prestressed Concrete

36. Prestressed Concrete Details
Typical Sizes
10 – 20 inch
20 – 36 inch
11 – 18 inch void
10 – 24 inch
11 – 15 inch void

37. Concrete Pile Splices

38. Mechanical Splice

39. Welded Splice

40. Epoxy-Dowel
Splice

41. Prestressed Concrete - Cutoff

42. Cylinder Piles

43. Cylinder Pile Details Typical Sizes 36, 42, 48, 54, & 66 inch O.D.
5 & 6 inch wall

44. Composite Piles

45. Composite Piles
Pipe – H-pile
Concrete – H-pile

46. Corrugated Shell - Timber
Composite Piles
Corrugated Shell - Timber
Pipe - Concrete

47. Steel Sheet Piling Manufacturing - hot rolled
Typical lengths: feet
Material specifications: ASTM A572, ASTM A690
Maximum stresses
Design bending stress: Fy
Design axial stress: analyze combined stresses
Design driving stress (impact hammer): Fy
Disadvantages: driving through boulders or other obstructions
Advantages:
Minimal excavation requirements
Reduces space requirements for construction work
Manufactured with 100 percent scrap metal
Forms continuous walls for use in cofferdams, bulkheads, flood protection walls, and others applications

48. Sheet Pile Types
Wall Types
Z pile wall
U pile wall
Combination wall

50. Dolphin (steel sheet piles)

51. PILE SELECTION
Practice of having a standard or favorite pile type is NOT recommended
Each type has advantages & disadvantages
Several pile types or sections may meet the project design requirements

52. PILE SELECTION
Therefore, all candidate pile types should be carried forward in the design process
Final pile selection should be based on most economical section meeting the design requirements

53. Site Considerations on Pile Selection
Remote areas may restrict equipment size.
Local availability of pile materials and capabilities of local contractors.
Waterborne operations may dictate use of shorter pile sections.
Steep terrain may make use of certain pile equipment costly or impossible.
Noise restrictions, vibration levels, or other environmental considerations may influence equipment selection and/or installation techniques.

54. Subsurface Effects on Pile Selection
Typical Problem
Recommendation
Boulders over Bearing Stratum
Use Heavy Low Displacement Pile With Shoe. Include Contingent Predrilling Item in Contract.
Loose Cohesionless Soil
Use Tapered Pile to Develop Maximum Shaft Resistance.
Negative Shaft Resistance
Avoid Batter Piles. Use Smooth Steel Pile to Minimize Drag Load or Use Bitumen Coating or Plastic Wrap. Could Also Use Higher Design Stress.
Deep Soft Clay
Use Rough Concrete Piles to Increase Adhesion and Rate of Pore Water Dissipation.

55. Subsurface Effects on Pile Selection
Typical Problem
Recommendation
Artesian Pressure
Hydrostatic Pressure May Cause Collapse of Mandrel Driven Shell Piles and Thin Wall Pipe. Pile Heave Common on Closed End Pipe.
Adequate Pile Capacity Should be Developed Below Scour Depth (Design Load x SF). Tapered Pile Should Be Avoided Unless Taper Extends Below Scour Depth.
Scour
Use Prestressed Concrete Piles Where Hard Driving is Expected.
Coarse Gravel Deposits

56. Pile Shape Effects on Pile Selection
Shape Characteristic
Pile Types
Placement Effects
Displacement
Closed End Steel Pipe
Prestressed Concrete
Increase Lateral Ground Stress.
Densify Cohesionless Soils.
Temporarily Remolds and Weakens Cohesive Soils.
Setup Time for Large Pile Groups in Sensitive Clays May Be Up To Six Months.

57. Pile Shape Effects on Pile Selection
Shape Characteristic
Pile Types
Placement Effects
Low Displacement
Steel H-pile
Open End Steel Pipe
Minimal Disturbance to Soil.
Not Recommended for Friction Piles in Coarse Granular Soils. Piles Often Have Low Driving Resistances in These Deposits Making Field Capacity Verification Difficult Resulting in Excessive Pile Lengths Installed.

58. Pile Shape Effects on Pile Selection
Shape Characteristic
Pile Types
Placement Effects
Tapered
Timber
Monotube
Tapertube
Thin Wall Shells
Increased Densification of Soil.
High Capacity for Short Penetration Depth in Granular Soils.

59. Additional Information at www.piledrivers.org
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