1. CHILDREN’S REACTIONS TO DIVORCE Presented by Pupil Services Department Ruamrudee International School

2. Main Points Children need the involvement of both parents in their lives Divorce affects children differently according to their stage of development During divorce, children experience a series of stages of grief and loss To make a difference in the long-term outcomes for children, it helps to develop positive ways of communicating, solving problems and reducing conflict

3. Stages of grief and loss Adapted from: E. Kubler-Ross. 1969. On Death and Dying. New York: Macmillan and Dr. Judith Graham. Family Issues Divorce. University of Maine Cooperative Extension. 1993

4. Psychological tasks for children experiencing divorce Understanding the divorce Strategic withdrawal Dealing with loss Dealing with anger Working out guilt Accepting the permanence of divorce Taking a chance on love

5. How children are affected by divorce They feel abandoned. They feel powerless and helpless. They have a greater need for nurturing. They feel angry. They feel guilty; they feel the divorce is their fault. They think they have to “take care” of their parents. They worry that they will be “kicked out” They grieve. They experience conflicts of loyalty. They “act out” in some way.

6. How Children are affected by Divorce Infant to 2 years Too young to understand what is happening May sense parents’ stress and feel changes in daily routine Task: develop trust and to bond

7. How Children are affected by Divorce Preschooler - ages 2 to 5 Lack mental ability to understand what is happening Will be confused, angry, sad, and fearful May believe they are at fault Fantasy play will reveal fears and desires of family reunited May regress: bed wetting or thumb sucking

8. How Children are affected by Divorce Ages 6 to 8 Reactions include anger, grief, and a deep yearning for the departed parent Anger will express itself through tantrums May feel responsible for taking care of parents Children identify with both parents - DO NOT criticize other parent in front of child!

9. How Children are affected by Divorce Ages 9 to 12 Have ability to see two points of view Need to talk about their feelings and acknowledge anger May identify “good guy”/”bad guy”; focused on what’s “right and fair” Puberty makes it difficult to be separated from same-sex parent Likely to manipulate and play games with parents

10. How Children are affected by Divorce Adolescence - ages 13 to 18 More developed socially and emotionally- peers are primary orientation Lack of consistency in discipline and control is unsettling - “growing up too fast” May act out anger and frustration through delinquency, substance abuse, sexual promiscuity Honest communication helps teens see both sides of issue - without involving them in inappropriate “adult issues”

11. How Children are affected by Divorce Emerging Adulthood - 18 to 25 Accelerated independence - growing up faster Early departure from family to avoid conflict Involvement with alcohol, drugs or inappropriate sexual behavior to “escape” pain Loss of “Home”

12. What affects a child’s adjustment to divorce? The level of conflict A stable environment Maintaining relationships Compassionate listening

13. Things Divorced Parents Say to Confuse and Undermine a Child’s Love and Confidence I need you to listen to my feelings and be sympathetic Tell your mother/father to buy it for you This divorce is your mother’s/father’s fault You can always go live with your mother/father if you don’t like it here Don’t tell your mother/father about this

14. Do you deny the existence of the other parent? Do you criticize the other parent? Do you place your children in the middle? Do you set the other parent up to fail? Counseling Issues for Parent Conference Are you alienating your children from the other parent?

15. Counseling Issues for Parents Children need the involvement of both parents in their lives Divorce creates an opportunity for parents to develop new parenting skills that will improve their relationship with their children Discipline is very important during this time, and there are many tools for parents to work with

16. Counseling Issues for Parents You are a parent – the greatest possible asset a child can have. You are here because you are a parent and the parenting responsibilities are FOREVER. Concentrate on what you can do rather than on what the other parent should do. Children with two supportive parents who are willing to address their children’s needs and resolve conflict in healthy ways are more likely to have a positive adjustment to the divorce.

17. Counseling Issues for Children Meaningful relationships with both parents Remain separate from parents’ differences Love both parents Receive love and support from both parents Be physically and emotionally safe Express feelings regardless of parents’ viewpoint Be children, independent of the adult world of divorce

18. How new relationships affect children They have to give up the fantasy of getting their parents back together They may be threatened because they fear sharing the parent with another person A new relationship may undermine the security they are just beginning to redevelop after their parents’ separation Children may feel guilty about liking a parent’s new friend