2. Romina Shrestha1 Don’t think about this PumpKIN?

3. 2 Its hard not to think…so Let’s brainstorm on Prepared by Romina Shrestha Roll No. :19 M.N. first year Nursing Campus Maharajgunj Educational Science (Code No: MN7) 2069-04-15 Comparison between Behaviourism and Cognitive Constructivism

4. Romina Shrestha3 General Objective §At the end of this session, the learners will be able to state the differences between "Behaviorism" and "Cognitive Constructivism".

5. Romina Shrestha4 Behaviorism and Cognitive Constructivism S.No. Behaviorism Cognitive Constructivism 1.Main Theme based on observable changes in behavior. based on the premise that we all construct our own reality of the world through individual reflection.

6. Romina Shrestha5 Behaviorism and Cognitive Constructivism cont… S.No. Behaviorism Cognitive Constructivism 2.ProponentsJohn Watson, Ivan Pavlov, Edward L. Thorndike, B. F. Skinner etc Jerome Bruner, John Dewey, Jean Piget etc.

7. Romina Shrestha6 Behaviorism and Cognitive Constructivism cont… S.No.Behaviorism Cognitive Constructivism 3. Key Principles for Teaching and Learning i) Learning involves the strengthening of stimulus and response i) Learning is an active process ii) Learning should be meaningful and based on the real world

8. Romina Shrestha7 Behaviorism and Cognitive Constructivism cont… S.No.Behaviorism Cognitive Constructivism 4. Types of Instructions One sided and teacher focused; very clear structure of learning and teaching accompanied with leadership and immediate straight- forward feedback. Collaborative; Less emphasis is placed on direct teaching skills but more on learning in a meaningful learning.

9. Romina Shrestha8 Behaviorism and Cognitive Constructivism cont… S.No. Behaviorism Cognitive Constructivism 5. Instructor's Role §To diagnose student- behaviour §To design instructions for students §To present effectively structured material §To provide a rich environment for the spontaneous exploration of the child.

10. Romina Shrestha9 Behaviorism and Cognitive Constructivism cont… S.No.Behaviorism Cognitive Constructivism 5. Instructor's Role con….. §To establish a sequence of reinforce-able steps or to remove reinforcement that is producing negative behaviour to move the student to the desired behaviour §To assess student's proper and complete understanding of structured material §To encourage students to become active constructors of their own knowledge through experiences that encourage assimilation and accommodation

11. Romina Shrestha10 Behaviorism and Cognitive Constructivism cont… S.No.Behaviorism Cognitive Constructivism 6. View of Learner §Learners are basically passive receivers §Learners are blank spaces ready to be filled with knowledge. §Learners are active constructors of knowledge § Learners bring their own needs and experiences to learning situations.

12. Romina Shrestha11 Behaviorism and Cognitive Constructivism cont… S.No.Behaviorism Cognitive Constructivism 7. Instructional Activities §Reading, review, and analysis of provided text and materials. §Individual work is submitted directly to instructor for review. §Emphasis on discussion and collaboration among cohort of students. §Application of principles to case studies and projects.

13. Romina Shrestha12 Behaviorism and Cognitive Constructivism cont… S.No.Behaviorism Cognitive Constructivism 7. Instructional Activities Cont….. §Structured assignments are directly linked to learning objectives. §Little or no cohort discussion §Open-ended assignments linked to changing learning objectives. §Assignments constructed to reflect "real world" conditions and requirements.

14. Romina Shrestha13 Behaviorism and Cognitive Constructivism cont… S.No.BehaviorismCognitive Constructivism 8. Instructional Assessment §Individual tests and performances to demonstrate mastery of entities, activities, and processes. §Emphasis on a few summative products and performances. §Reporting on active, authentic experiences, activities, and projects is used to assess learning. §Emphasis on interaction, reflection and collaboration among a group of learners. § Assessment is integrated throughout the curriculum rather than in final products.

15. Romina Shrestha14 Behaviorism and Cognitive Constructivism cont… S.No. Behaviorism Cognitive Constructivism 9. Instructional Strengths §There is a clear goal and an automatic response; best for memorizing facts and figures §Children with special needs are better benefited §Real-life situations are better dealt with; best for solving real-day problems §Children with creative and critical thinking are better benefited

16. Romina Shrestha15 Behaviorism and Cognitive Constructivism cont… S.NoBehaviorism Cognitive Constructivism 10. Instructional Limitation §Missing stimulus for a correct response means no learning §Divergent thinking encourages unconformity

17. Romina Shrestha16 References: §Singh, I. (2006). Essentials of education. Kathmandu: Hisi Offset Printers Pvt Ltd. §Comparison between Constructivist/ Cognitive Approach & Behavioral/ Objectivist Approach. Retrieved on July 29, 2012 from http://educationaden,50webs.com/cognitive_constructivism.htm §Behavioral Learning Theory. Retrieved on July 29, 2012 from http://suedstudent.syr.edu/ebarrett/ide621/behavior.htm §Constructivism Learning Theory. Retrieved on July 29, 2012 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_theories

18. Romina Shrestha17 hfFbf hfFb} – s]xL k|Zg ePdf +++++++========

19. Romina Shrestha18 Thank you…