1. English 9 Mr. Rinka - Lesson #32 Verbs Poetry Meter & Rhyme

2. Principal Parts of a Verb There are 4 principal parts of a verb: Base Form = walk Present Participle = (is) walking Past = walked Past Participle = (had) walked Present participle and past participle will use a helping verb.

3. Principal Parts of a Verb These 4 principal parts of a verb are used to form different verb tenses. We walk two miles every day. (present tense) My parents are walking now. (present progressive) We walked yesterday in the evening. (past tense) We have walked daily since June. (present perfect tense)

4. Regular Verbs Regular verbs form their present and past participle forms by adding –ing and –d or –ed to the base form. Base FormPresent ParticiplePastPast Participle talk(is) talkingtalked(have) talked play(is) playingplayed(have) played use(is) usingused(have) used

5. Regular Verbs Regular verbs form their past and past participle forms by adding –ing and –d or –ed to the base form. We play baseball every day. We are playing baseball after school. We played baseball last weekend. We have played baseball every day this month.

6. Irregular Verbs An irregular verb is one that forms its past and past participle in a way different from adding –d or –ed to the base form. They form their past and past participle as follows: changing vowels or consonants changing vowels and consonants making no change

7. Irregular Verbs Base FormPastPast Participle Vowel Change beginbegan(have) begun Consonant Change sendsent(have) sent Vowel Consonant Change bringbrought(have) brought No Change put (have) put

8. Irregular Verbs We begin every class with a test. We began the test one hour ago. We have begun testing, so please work quietly. Please send the letter today. I sent it yesterday, sir. We have sent a letter to the company.

9. Irregular Verbs Students bring their books to class. I brought my books to study hall. I have brought my books to school every day. Please put those flowers in a vase. I put the flowers in a vase. Mom has put the flowers in a vase.

10. Irregular Verbs Base FormPresent Participle PastPast Participle begin(is) beginningbegan(have) begun blow(is) blowingblew(have) blown break(is) breakingbroke(have) broken bring(is) bringingbrought(have) brought burst(is) burstingburst(have) burst choose(is) choosingchose(have) chosen come(is) comingcame(have) come dive(is) divingdove(have) dived do(is) doingdid(have) done draw(is) drawingdrew(have) drawn

11. Irregular Verbs Base FormPresent Participle PastPast Participle drink(is) drinkingdrank(have) drunk drive(is) drivingdrove(have) driven eat(is) eatingate(have) eaten fall(is) fallingfell(have) fallen freeze(is) freezingfroze(have) frozen give(is) givinggave(have) given go(is) goingwent(have) gone grow(is) growinggrew(have) grown hear(is) hearingheard(have) heard know(is) knowingknew(have) known

12. Irregular Verbs Present Participle PastPast Participle leave(is) leavingleft(have) left put(is) puttingput(have) put ride(is) ridingrode(have) ridden ring(is) ringingrang(have) rung run(is) runningran(have) run say(is) sayingsaid(have) said see(is) seeingsaw(have) seen send(is) sendingsent(have) sent shake(is) shakingshook(have) shaken shrink(is) shrinkingshrank(have) shrunk

13. Irregular Verbs Base FormPresent Participle PastPast Participle sing(is) singingsang(have) sung sink(is) sinkingsank(have) sunk sleep(is) sleepingslept(have) slept speak(is) speakingspoke(have) spoken steal(is) stealingstole(have) stolen sting(is) stingingstung(have) stung strike(is) strikingstruck(have) struck swear(is) swearingswore(have) sworn swim(is) swimmingswam(have) swum take(is) takingtook(have) taken

14. Irregular Verbs Base FormPresent Participle PastPast Participle teach(is) teachingtaught(have) taught tear(is) tearingtore(have) torn think(is) thinkingthought(have) thought throw(is) throwingthrew(have) thrown wear(is) wearingwore(have) worn write(is) writingwrote(have) written

15. Irregular Verbs If present participle and past participle forms are used as main verbs in sentences, then they must have helping verbs with them. Without helping verbs the sentence would be wrong. I am talking to you. (I talking to you. = wrong) He was playing in the yard. (He playing in the yard = wrong) We have been working a long time. (We working a long time. = wrong)

16. Irregular Verbs Exercises http://www.chompchomp.com/irregular 02/irregular02.htm http://www.quia.com/cb/8111.html

17. Poetry Meter & Rhyme

18. POETRY FORM Form - the appearance of the words on the page Some say the world will end in fire; Some say in ice. From what I've tasted of desire I hold with those who favor fire. But if it had to perish twice, I think I know enough of hate To say that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice. “Fire and Ice” Robert Frost

19. POETRY FORM http://www.google.com/images?hl=en&q=concrete+poem+examples&revid=1436932906&um=1&ie=UTF-8&source=univ&ei=g0lITJf- BIL_8Aal78WuDg&sa=X&oi=image_result_group&ct=title&resnum=4&ved=0CD0QsAQwAw&biw=1032&bih=583 http://www.google.com/images?hl=en&q=concrete+poem+examples&revid=1436932906&um=1&ie=UTF-8&source=univ&ei=g0lITJf- BIL_8Aal78WuDg&sa=X&oi=image_result_group&ct=title&resnum=4&ved=0CD0QsAQwAw&biw=1032&bih=583

20. POETRY FORM Line - a group of words together on one line of the poem O I have been dilatory and dumb, I should have made my way straight to you long ago, I should have blabb'd nothing but you, I should have chanted nothing but you. “To You” Walt Whitman

21. POETRY FORM Stanza - a group of lines arranged together “THE SHEPHERD” How sweet is the Shepherd's sweet lot! From the morn to the evening he stays; He shall follow his sheep all the day, And his tongue shall be filled with praise. For he hears the lambs' innocent call, And he hears the ewes' tender reply; He is watching while they are in peace, For they know when their Shepherd is nigh. William Blake

22. KINDS OF STANZAS Couplet=a two line stanza Triplet (Tercet)=a three line stanza Quatrain=a four line stanza Quintet=a five line stanza Sestet (Sextet)=a six line stanza Septet=a seven line stanza Octave=an eight line stanza

23. RHYTHM The beat created by the sounds of the words in a poem. Rhythm can be created by meter and rhyme.

24. RHYTHM I THINK that I shall never see A poem lovely as a tree. A tree whose hungry mouth is prest Against the sweet earth's flowing breast; A tree that looks at God all day, And lifts her leafy arms to pray; A tree that may in summer wear A nest of robins in her hair; Upon whose bosom snow has lain; Who intimately lives with rain. Poems are made by fools like me, But only God can make a tree. Trees – Joyce Kilmer

25. Meter Meter = stressed and unstressed syllables of words in a poem arranged in repeating patterns. Poets count out the number of stressed syllables and unstressed syllables for each line. Poets repeat the pattern throughout the poem.

26. Meter Foot = a unit of meter. A foot can have two or three syllables consisting of one stressed and one or more unstressed syllables.

27. Meter Types of Meter Iambic / - - / / unstressed stressed / Trochaic / - - / / stressed unstressed / Anapestic / - - - / / unstressed unstressed stressed / Dactylic / - - - / / stressed unstressed unstressed /

28. Meter - Metrical Lines monometer=one foot per line dimeter=two feet per line trimeter =three feet per line tetrameter=four feet per line pentameter=five feet per line hexameter=six feet per line heptameter=seven feet per line octometer=eight feet per line

29. Meter - Iambic Tetrameter Introduction to Milton - William Blake And did those feet in ancient time Walk upon England's mountains green? And was the holy Lamb of God On England's pleasant pastures seen? And did / those feet / in an / cient time Walk up / on Eng / land's moun / tains green? And was the holy Lamb of God On Eng / land's plea / sant pas / tures seen?

30. Meter – Trochaic Tetrameter Hiawatha’s Childhood - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow By the shores of Gitche Gumee, By the shining Big-Sea-Water, Stood the wigwam of Nokomis, Daughter of the Moon, Nokomis. By the / shores of / Git che / Gu mee, By the / shi ning / Big- Sea- / Wa ter, Stood the / wig wam / of No / ko mis, Daugh ter / of the / Moon, No / ko mis.

31. Meter – Anapestic Tetrameter The Destruction of Sennacherib – Lord Byron The Assyrian came down like a wolf on the fold And his cohorts were gleaming in purple and gold And the sheen of their spears was like stars on the sea When the blue wave rolls nightly on deep Galilee. The As syri / an came down / like a wolf / on the fold And his co / horts were gleam /ing in pur / ple and gold And the sheen / of their spears / was like stars / on the sea When the blue / wave rolls night / ly on deep / Ga li lee.

32. Meter – Dactylic Tetrameter The Lost Leader by Robert Browning Just for a handful of silver he left us, Just for a riband to stick in his coat – Found the one gift of which fortune bereft us, Lost all the others she lets us devote; Just for a / hand ful of / sil ver he / left us, Just for a / ri band to / stick in his / coat – Found the one / gift of which / for tune be / reft us, Lost all the / oth ers she / lets us de / vote;

33. FREE VERSE POETRY Free Verse poetry has no repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables. Free Verse poetry does not rhyme. from Little Father by Li-Young Lee I buried my father in my heart. Now he grows in me, my strange son, My little root who won’t drink milk, Little pale foot sunk in unheard-of night, Little clock spring newly wet In the fire, little grape, parent to the future Wine, a son the fruit of his own son, Little father I ransom with my life.

34. BLANK VERSE POETRY Poetry written in iambic pentameter without end rhyme. What is the boy now, who has lost his ball, What, what is he to do? I saw it go Merrily bouncing, down the street, and then Merrily over-there it is in the water! The Ball Poem – John Berryman

35. SAMPLE RHYME SCHEME I THINK that I shall never see ----------------------- A A poem lovely as a tree. --------------------------- A A tree whose hungry mouth is prest --------------- B Against the sweet earth's flowing breast; ---------- B A tree that looks at God all day, ------------------- C And lifts her leafy arms to pray; -------------------- C A tree that may in summer wear ------------------- D A nest of robins in her hair; ------------------------- D Upon whose bosom snow has lain; ---------------- E Who intimately lives with rain. ---------------------- E Poems are made by fools like me, ----------------- A But only God can make a tree. -------------------- A Trees – Joyce Kilmer

36. SAMPLE RHYME SCHEME "Hope" is the thing with feathers— ------------------------ A That perches in the soul— --------------------------------- B And sings the tune without the words— ------------------ C And never stops—at all— --------------------------------- D And sweetest—in the Gale—is heard— ------------------ E And sore must be the storm— ----------------------------- F That could abash the little Bird ---------------------------- E That kept so many warm— -------------------------------- F I've heard it in the chillest land— ------------------------- G And on the strangest Sea— ------------------------------- H Yet, never, in Extremity, ------------------------------------ H It asked a crumb—of Me. --------------------------------- H "Hope" is the thing with feathers – Emily Dickinson

37. Irregular Verbs Exercises http://www.chompchomp.com/irregular 02/irregular02.htm http://www.quia.com/cb/8111.html