1. Social Network Analysis The Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon or “It’s not what you know, it’s who you know” or Who’s in your Network? Debbie Fran Tisa Feb 29, 2008

2. Defined Social Networks –A system of related elements –A map & measuring of relationships and flows between people, computers, and other information/knowledge entities –Most common are people networks –“Ties”: Migrate data into your network by reaching out –Sociologists –Examples: Business, markets, professional associations Social Network Analysis –Critical observation of the the relationship elements –See how the structure of the networks influences real world results –N=150 members/network –Examples: Social network analysts look at disease transmission, terrorist networks, business networks, diffusion of innovation, formation of companies, tacit knowledge in organizations, communities, the WWW, international What difference does it make? –Influence outcomes that drive your business –Head off threats

4. Purpose Identify hubs of knowledge and reveal knowledge gaps across an organization Find the “path of least resistance” when lobbying a group SNA can reveal –Paths along which knowledge is shared formally or informally –The “strength” of the sharing (how often and to what degree context is shared) –How central a person is to the network’s ability to transfer knowledge across functional and organizational boundaries –How knowledge flows across functions, departments, divisions, business units, and geographical areas in an organization Where Does the Knowledge Reside In Your Utility? Denise O'Berry. American Water Works Association. Journal. Denver: Dec 2007. Vol. 99, Iss. 12; pg. 44, 3 pgsAmerican Water Works Association. JournalDec 2007

5. Methodology Surveys ask people to describe –Who they are connected to –What type of knowledge they share –How often they exchange knowledge –How they feel about the information that is passed through a source (influence)

6. Sociogram www.pepysdiary.com/indepth/archive/2005/09/29/the_pepys_sociogram.php Sociogram created after study of the diaries of Samuel Pepys, a 17 th century diarist who lived in London, England

7. Who to Know in SNA Theorists –S Wassserman & K FaustS Wassserman –John Scott, Social Network Analysis: A HandbookJohn Scott –Noel Tichy, Network Analysis in Organizational SettingsNoel Tichy –Michael Tushman –Peter Carrington, Models and Methods in Social Network AnalysisPeter Carrington, –David Knooke –Wouter DeNooy (PAJEK) –ISNAEISNAE –Caroline HaythornthwaiteCaroline Haythornthwaite –Linton Freeman: Development of Social Network Analysis Methods Approaches

8. Practice Understand a threat (terrorism) –Strategic Early Warning System (SEW) Youth gangs Children’s peer relationships Software: PAJEK (freeware) –Slovenian word for “spider”

10. SNA and Transfer of Training Using SNA to assess transfer climate prior to training: –Transfer climate is critical to a trainee's ability to apply the new knowledge, skills, behaviors, and attitudes they gain through training back to the workplace. –Relational barriers to transfer… can be traced to a nonsupportive organizational climate (lack of peer and supervisory support) may cause participants to feel that skills acquired during training are perceived by others as having little value, thereby giving participants little to no incentive to transfer the learned skills back to the job –Based on this analysis, measures can be taken to develop strategies to deal with relational barriers prior to training that will facilitate the participant's transfer of learning back to the work environment. Making Transfer Climate Visible: Utilizing Social Network Analysis to Facilitate the Transfer of Training John-Paul Hatala, Pamela R Fleming. Human Resource Development Review. Thousand Oaks: Mar 2007. Vol. 6, Iss. 1; pg. 33, 31 pgsHuman Resource Development ReviewMar 2007

11. Types of Network Analysis 1.Ego network analysis Focuses on a particular individual and is structured around eliciting information about the people he or she interacts with, and about the relationships with those people. This form of analysis should be chosen for individuals who are participating in a training program in isolation to their organization, department, or coworkers. 2.Complete network analysis 1.Concerned with all the relationships among a set of respondents (i.e., entire organization, complete work group), which includes managers, supervisors, and individual organizational members. Making Transfer Climate Visible: Utilizing Social Network Analysis to Facilitate the Transfer of Training John-Paul Hatala, Pamela R Fleming. Human Resource Development Review. Thousand Oaks: Mar 2007. Vol. 6, Iss. 1; pg. 33, 31 pgsHuman Resource Development ReviewMar 2007

12. Properties a network Building blocks for developing and conceptualizing network theory: –Centrality (betweenness, closeness, degree) –Position (structural) –Strength of ties (strong/weak, weighted/discrete) –Cohesion (groups, cliques) –Division (structural holes, partition) Making Transfer Climate Visible: Utilizing Social Network Analysis to Facilitate the Transfer of Training John-Paul Hatala, Pamela R Fleming. Human Resource Development Review. Thousand Oaks: Mar 2007. Vol. 6, Iss. 1; pg. 33, 31 pgsHuman Resource Development ReviewMar 2007

13. Social Network Analysis & Web 2.0 User-registered knows networks Web-mined collaborator networks Face-to-face meets networks The semantic Web revisited - all 15 versions » N Shadbolt, W Hall, T Berners-Lee - IEEE Intelligent Systems, 2006 - wwwbruegge.in.tum.deThe semantic Web revisitedall 15 versions » Spinning Multiple Social Networks for Semantic Web - all 4 versions » Y Matsuo, M Hamasaki, H Takeda, J Mori, D … - Proc. AAAI, 2006 - miv.tu-tokyo.ac.jpSpinning Multiple Social Networks for Semantic Weball 4 versions » “Web 2.0 is a knowledge-oriented environment where human interactions generate content that is published, managed, and used through network applications in a service-oriented architecture.” – Dario de Judicibus, IBM Social Networking Analyst

14. Resources Websites –DefinitionsDefinitions Journals/Articles –Hyperlink Network Analysis –Distance Learning Books: On how SN analysis Software: PAJEK or Sociogram or FAS.at OneSite, UCINET 6 OneSiteUCINET 6

15. Exercise List 40 contacts –Not family –Describe how you met them