1. N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE How Libraries Can Help Amira Aaron, Northeastern University Laura Morse, Harvard University Michal Gindi, Ex Libris IGeLU 2015 1

2. 2 Overview  CONTENT NEUTRALITY & DISCOVERY SYSTEMS  WHAT IS THE MAJOR ISSUE FOR LIBRARIES?  A&I INDEXES  NISO OPEN DISCOVERY INITIATIVE  EX LIBRIS GOALS FOR PCI COVERAGE  WHAT CAN LIBRARIES DO TO HELP? N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

3. 3 Content is Key to Success A discovery system needs an intuitive interface, a good relevancy ranking program, functioning availability/delivery information – but ultimately it is only as good as the content covered by the system Because discovery systems rely on harvested content from content providers, it is critical that they receive rich metadata and content from the content providers on a timely basis! All content providers (including aggregators) need to provide rich quality data to all discovery systems equally! Many content providers/aggregators are not working effectively to support customer needs at this time. N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

4. 4 Content Neutrality Libraries are traditionally neutral in presenting the best content to their users based on professional expertise and financial realities Libraries are paying significant money to purchase or lease content from content providers Libraries are also paying large amounts for discovery systems and investing in significant staff time Libraries have always had choice in what content they purchase or lease and how they present this content to their patrons This choice is being taken away by some content providers & vendors N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

5. 5 Library Rights Assertion: Libraries have the right to choose the system/platform by which their users discover licensed, paid content N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

6. 6 A & I Services – Provider Concerns Metadata is their value; should they give it away? Fear of cancellations due to discovery systems Results are merged with no “credit” given for citation & no usage stats. Results not as targeted; metadata searching not as effective A& I index providers being pressured for expensive, exclusive deals with aggregators and also being dissuaded from contributing to all discovery systems N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

7. 7 A & I Services – Library Business Needs A & I content value is diminished if not indexed in discovery system. If not in discovery systems, it is invisible to certain researcher types Large group of users will still not use multiple databases – especially undergraduates Low use content (full text, A &I services) is under review for cancellation at many institutions. Exposure via discovery services would lead to increased use. Some dedicated A & I services are still important for graduate students and faculty. Due to high use they are not likely to be cancelled, but lack of exposure to new researchers may lead to diminished use over time. N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

8. 8 A & I Services – Addressing Concerns Search of A & I content and delivery can be restricted to subscribers Discovery providers need to all work on developing features to highlight the source database and recommend best databases for a search Discovery providers need to add more sophisticated metadata searching, especially subjects Early data from content providers shows increased use after exposure in discovery systems We need to organize conversations among all parties and foster collaboration; libraries need to talk directly to A & I index providers N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

9. 9 NISO Open Discovery Initiative Based on a meeting at ALA Annual Conference in New Orleans on Sunday, June 26, 2011. Recognition of the following trends and issues: Emergence of Library Discovery Services solutions Based on index of a wide range of content Commercial and open access Primary journal literature, e-books, and more Adopted by thousands of libraries around the world, and impact millions of users Agreements between content providers and discovery providers ad-hoc, not representative of all content, and opaque to customers. N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

10. 10 NISO ODI – Goals Define ways for libraries to assess the level of content providers’ participation in discovery services Help streamline the process by which content providers work with discovery service vendors Define models for “fair” linking from discovery services to publishers’ content Determine what usage statistics should be collected for libraries and for content providers N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

11. 11 NISO ODI – Recommended Practice On June 26 th, 2014, ODI Working Group published NISO RP-19-2014, Open Discovery Initiative: Promoting Transparency in Discovery NISO RP-19-2014, Open Discovery Initiative: Promoting Transparency in Discovery Vocabulary NISO Recommended Practice Mechanism to evaluate conformance with recommended practice N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

12. 12 NISO ODI – Recommended Practice What it is.... A technical recommendation outlining data elements to be exchanged, including recommendations for data formats, method of delivery, usage reporting, frequency of updates and rights of use A way for libraries to assess content providers’ participation in discovery services A model by which content providers work with discovery service vendors via fair and unbiased indexing and linking N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

13. 13 NISO ODI – Recommended Practice Why it matters.... Simplifies the process of data exchange between participating discovery vendors and content providers Ensures participating discovery vendors are following fair and unbiased indexing and linking practices Mitigates technical and legal issues that might hinder broader participation by content providers or potential discovery service creators N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

14. 14 NISO ODI – RP Highlights for Content Providers Participation – provide core metadata as well as full- text/original content and enriched content Core metadata elements – basic citation metadata (author, title, publisher, date, type, format, etc) Enriched content – indexing data (included A&I data like subject headings), full text or transcript, abstracts/description Disclosure – provide information to libraries related to level of participation Technical formats – use existing standards to facilitate data exchange N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

15. 15 NISO ODI – RP Highlights for Discovery Providers Disclosure – provide key information in a consistent, usable form to libraries about content indexed to facilitate evaluation Linking – linking and relevancy methods should not introduce bias to particular content providers; libraries should determine linking choices; annual disclosure related to neutrality Data transfer – use existing protocols and provide documentation, preferences, and indication on impact on different processes to content providers N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

16. 16 NISO ODI – Standing Committee Formed summer of 2014. Following the ODI Recommended Practice document as our guide, this standing ODI committee has the following responsibilities:ODI Recommended Practice to promote educational opportunities about adoption of these recommended practices to provide support for content providers and discovery providers during adoption (including championship of self-check conformance lists) to provide a forum for ongoing discussion related to all aspects of discovery platforms for all stakeholders (content providers, discovery providers, libraries), and to determine timing for next steps for ongoing work N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

17. 17 NISO ODI – Standing Committee Roster N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP LibrariesPublishersService Providers Marshall Breeding, Independent Consultant Laura Morse, Harvard University Jason Price, SCELC Ken Varnum, University of Michigan Dave Whisenant, Florida Virtual Campus Lettie Conrad, SAGE Publications Michael McFarland, Credo Reference Jill O’Neill, NFAIS Elise Sassone, Springer Aaron Wood, Ingram Content Group Julie Zhu, IEEE Scott Bernier, EBSCO Information Services Steven Guttman, ProQuest Rachel Kessler, Ex Libris John McCullough, OCLC

18. 18 NISO ODI – Education Working to promote the Best Practice and ODI initiatives for all stakeholder groups Conferences & Webinars – providing updates about ODI activities and opportunities for dialog Communication streams Twitter – please follow NISO_ODI Regular email communications – sign up for ODI Discussion list http://www.niso.org/lists/opendiscovery/ http://www.niso.org/lists/opendiscovery/ Coming Soon – brochure summarizing the key points of the best practice N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

19. 19 NISO ODI – Technology Ensure that technology is not a barrier to participation in ODI Focus on outstanding items outlined in the recommended practice APIs Linking Usage reporting N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

20. 20 NISO ODI – Conformance Provide support for content providers and discovery providers during adoption Conformance Checklists Content Provider Discovery Service Provider Conformance Statement Directory http://www.niso.org/workrooms/odi/conformance/ Credo EBSCO Ex Libris IEEE ProQuest Sage Publication N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

21. 21 NISO ODI – Current Initiatives Engage with to A & I Services and discovery providers to identify conformance challenges and opportunities Provide support to content providers and discovery providers releasing Conformance Statements Create materials for libraries to guide advocacy for ODI Recommended Practice conformance with content providers and discovery providers Work with Discovery 2 Delivery Committee to identify new work items from The Future of Library Resource Discovery white paperThe Future of Library Resource Discovery N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

22. 22 NISO ODI – Current Initiatives Review NISO RP-19-2014, Open Discovery Initiative: Promoting Transparency in Discovery Download NISO RP-19-2014 PDF Download NISO RP-19-2014 PDF Keep up to date with ODI work www.niso.org/workrooms/odi/ www.niso.org/workrooms/odi/ Encourage content providers and vendors to truly adopt ODI principles & honestly disclose conformance information N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

23. Ex Libris’ Open Discovery Conformance Statement Recommendation Primo Compliance Gaps Content listing for library customers 1 - PartialTitle level list Linking and ranking neutrality6 - Full Usage metrics to content providers3 - Full 1 - Partial # of click-throughs Usage metrics to libraries2 - Full 2 - Partial 1- No # unique visitors/month Top 500 search queries Top 100 referring URLs © 2015 Ex Libris | Confidential & Proprietary Primo already complies with most of the requirements Remaining gaps to be closed by Q1 2016 Open Discovery Conformance Statement available herehere

24. Primo Central Index Strategy

25. Primo Central Index Status © 2015 Ex Libris | Confidential & Proprietary > 1 billion items under agreement 920M items indexed 1684 collections indexed > 300 information providers

26. Ex Libris – ProQuest Collaboration © 2015 Ex Libris | Confidential & Proprietary Metadata of full-text databases to be discoverable in Primo Central, regardless of customer subscriptions Increased use of ProQuest materials that are indexed in Primo Central Enabling real-time acquisitions Alma Community Zone to be enriched with ProQuest data Increasing Customer ROI for Subscriptions Integration with Coutts Improving Content Discoverability: Non-Restricted Search

27. Primo Central Index Strategy © 2015 Ex Libris | Confidential & Proprietary Content Expansion NERS Voting, customer requests Long tail completion Metadata enhancement Regional Content Open Access Content Technology Enhancements Entity extraction Citation trail Quality Enhancements Metadata Facets Virtual merged records

28. Primo Central Index Content Strategy © 2015 Ex Libris | Confidential & Proprietary TECHNICAL REPORTS RESEARCH DATA VIDEO A&I DATABASES REFERENCE MATERIALS STANDARDS JOURNAL ARTICLES E-BOOKS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, DISSERTATIONS AND THESES K-12 MATERIALS | PUBLIC LIBRARY MATERIALS | NEWS & NEWSPAPER COLLECTIONS

29. Primo Central Index Content Expansion © 2015 Ex Libris | Confidential & Proprietary NERS Voting Results PsycINFO Lexis Nexis MathSciNet American Chemical Society HeinOnline Philosopher's Index Journals@Ovid The Cochrane Library EBSCO eBooks and Audiobooks Gale Virtual Reference Library

30. Primo Central Index Content Expansion © 2015 Ex Libris | Confidential & Proprietary Long Tail Completion Legal Material: periodicals (Law Reviews) and ebooks (Monographs/Treatises) from publishers such as Westlaw, Hein, and Wolters Kluwer Other full-text DBs: OpticInfo, OnePetro, Safari Books Online Videos: Facts on File, Films on Demand A&I DBs: ATLA, RILM, BIOSIS, Inspec, Philosopher‘s Index, Avery Index, Web of Science (deeper indexing) Technical Reports: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)

31. Primo Central Index Content Expansion © 2015 Ex Libris | Confidential & Proprietary Metadata Enhancements A&I DBs: PsycINFO, CINAHL, EconLit, CAB Abstracts Full Text DBs: American Chemical Society Journals, Wolters Kluwer LWW Books Reference Materials: Gale Virtual Reference Library (GVRL)

32. Primo Central Index Content Expansion © 2015 Ex Libris | Confidential & Proprietary Regional Content China France Germany Italy Japan The Netherlands

33. Primo Central Index Strategy © 2015 Ex Libris | Confidential & Proprietary Content Expansion NERS Voting, customer requests Long tail completion Metadata enhancement Regional Content Open Access Content Technology Enhancements Entity extraction Citation trail Quality Enhancements Metadata Facets Virtual merged records

34. The Process of Making Data Available in Primo Central Background research on each resource – Existing requests for this resource? – Alternative coverage—via other resources—already available? – Satisfactory data quality? Contacting the information provider – Seeking permission to index the content – Discussing scope and depth of content to be indexed – Signing an agreement (where required) Preparing data for load into Primo Central – Technical analysis on data samples – Data-massaging where required (incl. data normalization) – Test loads and QA – Complete data load – Release to Primo Central Index users © 2015 Ex Libris | Confidential & Proprietary

35. Quality Enhancements Continuous improvement of normalization rules (e.g. author names and dates) © 2015 Ex Libris | Confidential & Proprietary Changes come into effect for existing data over time, with every reload of collections Changes are immediately applied for new data sets Many of the big collections have already been reloaded, resulting in increased accuracy of certain types of searches (e.g. for authors) Currently working on increased normalization for specific areas (e.g. material type)

36. What can libraries do to help?

37. 37 ELUNA & IGeLU ODI Support and Advocacy Contacting publishers members have voted as high priority for inclusion in discovery services. Letter notes ELUNA & IGeLU fully endorse the tenets of best practice, including section 3.2.1.1: 1. Content providers should make available to discovery service providers core metadata, and underlying full-text/original content for complete offerings, for the purposes of indexing to meet licensed customers’ and authenticated end users’ needs. 2. To this aim, all content providers should make available to discovery service providers, at a minimum, the core set of metadata elements (see 3.2.1.2) for each item they submit for indexing. 3. Content providers should provide the content item (full text, transcript, etc.) and additional descriptive content (abstract/description and controlled and/or uncontrolled keywords) (see 3.2.1.3), for as much of their content as possible N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

38. 38 ELUNA & IGeLU ODI Support and Advocacy Letters also: Request that vendors publicly disclose conformance statement (if not already done) Request that vendors become fully compliant as soon as possible Remind vendors that ODI does not make provision for demanding additional goods or services in return for contributing metadata to discovery systems Have contacted EBSCO, Hein, and Philosophers Index Watch the ELUNA and IGeLU lists for more information and opportunities to participate in petitions. N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

39. 39 What Can Libraries Do? Advocate for change! in writing and at meetings for collaboration and to end exclusivity in any form for Open Access and participate in initiatives Set up professional meetings with publishers and vendors, especially A & I vendors, to discuss the benefits of collaboration, the realities of discovery systems, and the needs of the scholarly communication chain Educate the faculty and scholars about the issue Participate in and follow standards activities and their implementation N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

40. 40 What Can Libraries Do? Support vendors/publishers who collaborate and those who follow NISO ODI guidelines Try to get neutral discovery options in licenses – see new revised LIBLICENSE model license Put our money where it counts and advocate for our users! N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

41. 41 Revised LIBLICENSE Model License Agreement – CRL, ARL, CLIR, CDL, etc. November 2014 5.1.b. Discovery of Licensed Materials. Licensor shall make the Licensed Materials available through Licensee’s Discovery Service System(s) for indexing and discovery purposes. Licensor shall provide to Licensee’s discovery service vendors on an ongoing basis the citation and complete descriptive metadata (including all subject headings, abstracts, and keywords), and full-text content necessary to facilitate optimal discovery and accessibility of the content for the benefit of Licensee and Authorized Users. Discovery Service Systems are defined as user interface and search systems for discovering and displaying content from local, database and web-based sources. N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP

42. 42 Revised LIBLICENSE Model License Agreement – CRL, ARL, CLIR, CDL, etc. November 2014 5.1.p. Itemized Holdings List…. Licensor will use reasonable efforts to update itemized holdings reports as soon as is practicable when holdings information changes, and will provide this information to Discovery Service Systems in a timely manner and to Licensee on request. N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP –

43. 43 Thank You! Amira Aaron, Northeastern University a.aaron@neu.edu Michal Gindi, Ex Libris michal.gindi@exlibrisgroup.com Laura Morse, Harvard University laura_morse@harvard.edu N EXT S TEPS FOR I NCREASING PCI C OVERAGE H OW L IBRARIES C AN H ELP