1. Discovery Tools in Academic Libraries: why, what and how? Edith Falk Chef Librarian The Hebrew University Library Authority

3. Why not It is free It is user friendly It includes scientific resources and even “gray” literature It allows simultaneous search in many resources It allows saving in a private e-shelf and creating a bibliography It shows citations and other parameters It searches the full text It links to the catalog of your local library

4. למה לא ? It is difficult to determine with 100% accuracy all that Google Scholar searches. Google cannot: – Sort/search by disciplinary field – Browse by title – Limit search results – Search the deep web There are not enough possibilities to deal with the results No access to the indexing of the databases. No access to the algorythm

5. 20 Services Google Thinks Are More Important Than Google Scholar

6. Why not a federated search? Federated search is an information retrieval technology that allows the simultaneous search of multiple searchable resources. A user makes a single query request which is distributed to the search engines participating in the federation. Marshall Breeding in 2005, “…shortly after the launch of Google Scholar posits that federated search could not compete the power and speed of a tool like Google Scholar. He proclaims the need for, as he describes it, a “centralized search model”. Chickering, F. William and Yang, Sharon Q. (2014). “Evaluation and comparison of discovery tools: an update”. Information technology and libraries, 33(2): 5-30.

7. What are we looking for? A Google-like tool, simple and efficient A tool that allows searching as many resources as possible, while allowing limiting the searches to resources accessible to library patrons A tool that allows dealing with the list of searches in as many ways as possible

8. Discovery Tools

9. What is a discovery tool? A Central Index A Discovery Layer

10. What is a discovery tool?

11. The Central Index The collection of preharvested and processed metadata and full text that comprises the searchable content of a WSD service: Central indexes typically include full text and citations from publishers; full text and metadata from open source collections; full text, abstracting, and indexing from aggregators and subscription databases; and MARC from library catalogs; also called the base index, unified index, or foundation index.

13. Evaluating the Central Index parameters: – scope of the content, – item types, – inclusion of the full text – richness of the metadata. The central index has to fit the library collections on one hand and the type of users of the library on the other hand. Some databases are not included in any WSD (for example: Scifinder) Some databases are included in some WSD and not in others (especially Proquest and Ebsco) Even when a WSD vendor does not include a database, it may have basic, citation- level metadata for journal titles by a certain publisher (Elsevier or Springer).

14. The Discovery Layer Single search across the central index Fast response time Relevancy-ranked results list Facets, sort, and other tools for refining and using the results Connections to full text via direct links and OpenURL End-user accounts and features

15. Blended results Ben Gurion University (EDS)

16. Separate Haifa University (Primo and Google Scholar or Primo Central) CatalogArticles

17. or side by side… Hebrew University (Vufind and EDS)

18. Discovery Tools Providers Content ProvidersSoftware Providers Ex-Libris - Primo Central OCLC - World Cat EBSCO - EDS Proquest - Summon

19. Open Discovery Initiative: promoting transparency O.D.I. Create ways for libraries to assess the level of content providers’ participation in discovery services Help streamline the process by which content providers work with discovery service vendors Define models for fair or unbiased linking from discovery services to publishers’ content Determine what usage statistics should be collected NISO, the National Information Standards Organization, a non-profit association accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), is where content publishers, libraries, and software developers turn for information industry standards that allow them to work together. Through NISO, all of these communities are able to collaborate on mutually accepted standards — solutions that enhance their operations today and form a foundation for the futureANSI

20. Thank you for your attention! Edith Falk,Chief Librarian Hebrew University of Jerusalem