1. Environment The physical surroundings of an organism, including all the conditions and circumstances that affect its development.

2. Interaction a relationship between parts of the environment.

3. Biotic Factors the parts of the environment that are living or were once alive. Examples- dog, bone, rotting log

4. Abiotic Factors the parts of the environment that are nonliving Examples: air, temperature, water, light, sand

5. Niche The role an organism plays in its environment. Its relationship with other organisms and with its physical surroundings.

6. Habitat The place where an organism lives.

7. Ecosystem A group of organisms and their physical environment All abiotic and biotic factors that found a location suitable to make or find their habitat

8. Freshwater Ecosystem TRIVIA: What would be an abiotic factor in this ecosystem?

9. Symbiosis a kind of partnership between two organisms in nature.

10. Commensalism a symbiotic relationship between two organisms in which one benefits and the other neither benefits nor is harmed.

11. Mutualism a symbiotic relationship between two organisms in which both benefit. Mutualism between ants, a caterpillar, and a flower in the American southwest. The caterpillar has a nectar organ which the ants drink from, the flower survives from the feeding caterpillar, and the ants provide protection for both the plant and the caterpillar.

12. Parasitism a symbiotic relationship in which one benefits(the parasite) and lives in or on another (the host, which is harmed) and takes nutrients.

13. Symbiosis Commensalism Mutualism Parasitism

14. Photosynthesis The process of using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make food (glucose). Green plants do this. Products

15. Producers Organisms that produce food for themselves and others.

16. Consumers Organisms that depend on other organisms for food.

17. Herbivores Consumers of only plants.

18. Carnivores Consumers of only meat.

19. Omnivores Consumers that eat plants and animals.

20. Predator Predator- A consumer that hunts or captures other organisms (prey) for food.

21. Prey an organism that is hunted or captured and eaten by another consumer. Prey

22. Scavenger Scavenger- A consumer of dead or decaying plants and animals.

23. Decomposer Bacteria and fungi that break down dead and decaying plant and animal matter and enrich the soil.

24. Population All organisms of the same species living in the same area.

25. Community All the populations of species living in an area.

26. Food chain A diagram showing how certain living things depend on one another for energy. Gives energy to…

27. These ARE food chains: Grass  Cow  Human Acorn  Squirrel Plant plankton  Whale Dead leaves  Worm  Robin  Hawk Tree buds  Deer  Cougar

28. These are NOT food chains: Sun  Daisy  Butterfly  Frog Water  Algae  Fish  Turtle Plankton  DDT  Fish  Eagle Algae  Minnow  Bass  Plastic fishing lure Corn  Mouse  Snake  Water

29. Food Chain Rule #1 Food chains only contain biotic factors. SUN WATERPESTICIDES NON_LIVING THINGS

30. These are food chains: Grass  Cow  Human Acorn  Squirrel Plant plankton  Whale Dead leaves  Worm  Robin  Hawk Tree buds  Deer  Cougar

31. These are NOT food chains: Cow  Grass  Human Squirrel  Acorn Whale  Plant plankton Worm  Dead leaves  Robin  Hawk Deer  Tree buds  Cougar

32. Food Chain Rule #2 Food chains must start with a producer.

33. Examples of Producers

34. These ARE food chains: Grass  Cow  Human Acorn  Squirrel Plant plankton  Whale Dead leaves  Worm  Robin  Hawk Tree buds  Deer  Cougar

35. These are NOT food chains: Grass  Cow  Human Acorn  Squirrel Plant plankton  Whale Dead leaves  Worm  Robin  Hawk Tree buds  Deer  Cougar Remember  means “gives energy to…”

36. Food Chain Rule #3 Food chains have arrows that go from left to right. It shows the food “jumping” into the other organism’s mouth.

37. PRIMARY PRODUCER PRIMARY CONSUMER SECONDARY CONSUMER TOP OF FOOD CHAIN

38. Food web A diagram showing as many food relationships as possible between living things in an area.

42. Succession Changes in an area that cause one group of organisms to be replaced by another. All rebuilt→ climax community

43. Succession All rebuilt→ climax community