1. Section 14.2 page 458 Social, economic, & religious conflicts challenge European political order.

2. Economic & Social Crises In Europe Economic problem: inflation –Influx of gold & silver from Americas –growing pop -increased demand for land/food which increased prices Failing economies in Europe

3. Witchcraft Trials Witchcraft - nothing new Inquisition & militant religions- charged many w/ heresy Over 100,000 charged/executed –Targets-Commoners & women tortured Hysteria fades 1650 b/c: –Stronger Gov. –Belief in old world spirits fades

4. The 30yrsWar (1618-1648) “last of the religious wars” Peace of Augsburg (1555)- –didn’t recognize Calvinism Religious disputes –Holy Roman Empire (HRE- Germany) Events: –1618 Catholic Hapsburg of HRE vs. Protestant nobles (Calvinists) –All major powers besides England Goal-territory & European leadership Result –Peace of Westphalia: Ended war 1648 France & allies –new territory HRE divided into 300 states- Religious Freedom

5. Revolutions in England Elizabeth I died (1603) - Tudor dynasty done James I -king Revolution Causes –King James I divine right of kings- only answer to God –Parliament disagreed –Religion Puritans- Want Church of England more Protestant - too many rituals House of Commons -Puritans –King Charles I (James’s son) Added rituals to Church of England –angered Puritans–some go to America Rejected Petition of Right-no taxes without Parliament’s consent

6. English Revolution 1642 King’s supporters (Cavaliers ) vs. parliaments forces (Roundheads) Parliament wins b/c ……. Oliver Cromwell (military genius) New Model Army: extreme Puritans (Independents) fight for God. Results: Parliament …….. –Executes Charles I –abolished monarchy & House of Lords Declared England a commonwealth (republic) –Cromwell later creates military dictatorship

7. English Restoration –Cromwell died, Parliament set up monarchy (Charles II )king -Protestant –Sympathetic to Catholics –Created Habeas Corpus- case brought before judge Charles II died 1685 & Catholic brother James II became king –Has Catholic son –Parliament fears Catholic monarchy Ask William the Orange to invade

8. Glorious Revolution William of Orange: Dutch leader & hubby of James II’s daughter (Mary) Invade –Glorious Revolution” no bloodshed –James II & family fled - Catholic France –William & Mary take over & adopt English Bill of Rights Parliament -make laws & levy taxes armies raised with Parliament’s consent Citizens right –to keep arms –a jury trial Sorry Dad- But you picked him