1. Emily McIntyre Katie Vivian Michelle Ramalho TREN 4P10
Where Do We Go From Here? Community Focused Tourism Development And The Possibility for Change In Today’s Tourism Industry
Emily McIntyre
Katie Vivian
Michelle Ramalho
TREN 4P10

2. Agenda Introduction Sustainability and Community-based Tourism
Case Study: Operation Wallacea, Indonesia
Stakeholder Involvement and Participation
Collaboration and Partnerships
Stakeholder Activity
Benefits of Community-based Tourism
Obstacles to Community-based Tourism
Recommendations for the Future
Conclusion

3. Introduction Key Terms
Community Based Tourism:___ (Katie maybe that definition from your paper could go here)
Development:__
Sustainable:___
Responsible/Ethical or best practice development:___ ??
Questions to keep in mind…(these could also go on the handout for class to think of throughout pres.)
Who is traditionally involved in development decisions within tourism? (Locally, at destinations)
Based on your previous answer, why do you think this is the case?
Can you recall any examples (local/global) where community based tourism development has, or should have been used?

4. Sustainability and Community-based Tourism
Empowering Communities
Providing Opportunities
Grassroots involvement
Democracy and Holistic Planning
Break free from the destructive influences of mass tourism
Regard for Socio-cultural and economic conditions
Treated as subjects, and not objects
I think it might be useful to ask a small discussion question after each topic/issue we discuss to keep the class engaged and interested …for example
Discussion: What role do you think sustainability plays in local residents’ lives? Recalling that a significant amount of tourism activity occurs in developing or LDC’s (Lesser Developed Countries), consider the following quote “…how can someone whose children are without food be expected to case about elephants?” (As cited in Sharpley & Roberts, 2004).
--This question will get the class to question this idea that sustainable development is always positive. (Note that elephants can be substituted for: energy efficient taps in hotels, offsetting airplane emissions en route to the destination etc.) -Michelle

5. Case Study: Operation Wallacea, Indonesia
Stakeholder involvement in processes
Traditional knowledge and cultural variables
Education in Resource management and English
Radio Announcements
Work with Non-profit FORKANI
Environmental and Cultural preservation
Initiatives to spread the income
Maybe this could be one of the case studies for the group discussions towards the end of the presentation
-Michelle

6. Doxey’s Irridex

7. Stakeholder Involvement and Participation
Local Control
All voices should be heard
Stakeholder’s involved in all processes from the beginning
Indigenous systems are often more sustainable (Sharpley and Telfer, 2002)
Harmonized with cultural traditions
Community cohesion and cooperation
Source: Brocku.ca/campusministries.com

8. Collaboration and Partnerships
Lack of coordination in developing countries
Collaborative effort is necessary for success in developing tourism (Bramwell and Lane, 2002)
Private, Public and Government Agencies
Cross-border Cooperation
Co-management as a solution to share resources (Plummer and Fitzgibbon, 2004)
Collaboration under Sustainable Development
Do you believe partnerships in tourism development initiatives between the aforementioned groups (locals, government and tourism officials) are mutually beneficial?
Instead of a debate maybe this could be a discussion question asking…Do you believe partnerships in tourism development initiatives between the aforementioned groups (locals, government, and tourism officials) are mutually beneficial ? Why/Why not. -Michelle

9. Partnerships (Bramwell and Lane, 2000)
Benefits
-Range of stakeholders involved for change and improvements
 -Democracy
 -Social acceptance
 -Coordination of policies
 - Importance of non-economic issues
 -Pooling of resources
 -Non-tourism activities may be encouraged
Barriers
-Limited tradition of stakeholders participating in policy making
-Difficult for equal representation
 -Healthy conflict may be stifled
 -Collaborative efforts may be under-resourced
  -May block innovation
 -Costly & time consuming

10. Benefits of Community-based Tourism
Higher degree of local participation
Community-friendly destinations
Infrastructure development
Local products and labour
Raises community-awareness
Economic benefits

11. Obstacles to Community-based Tourism
Traditional views of Power concentration
Political power or coercion
Role of Women
Inadequate local expertise in tourism
A sense of inadequacy
Economic Issues
Discussion: Based on the arguments for both sides of ‘the issues of partnerships’, which elements from each side do you think should be included to ensure ‘best practice development’ in host destinations?
-Michelle

12. Conclusion
Community-based tourism provides a more sustainable alternative than mass tourism
Role of Community leaders
Continual monitoring and management
Potential for Political, Social, Economic and Psychological empowerment
Acheives sustainability, harmony and cultural integrity

13. Questions
--Could this slide be about the group case study activity instead? (if we are going to ask questions through out)
-Michelle

14. Recommendations for the Future
Maybe we could save this part and use it as an addition to our conclusion …after the groups have gone through their case studies they could each come up with one recommendation. Then we could put up this slide and compare them to our own.
-Michelle

15. References
Bramwell, B. and Lane, B. (2000). Tourism Collaboration and Partnerships: Politics, Practice and Sustainability. Great Britain: Biddles Ltd.
Jamal, T. and Getz, D. (1995). Collaboration theory and Community Tourism Planning. Annals of Tourism Research 22 (1),
Plummer, R. and Fitzgibbon, J. (2004). Co-Management of Natural Resources: A Proposed Framework. Environmental Management 33 (6),
Sharpley, R. and Telfer, D. (2002). Tourism and Development: Concepts and Issues. Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
Sharpley, R. & Roberst, L. (2004) Rural tourism – 10 years on. International Journal of Tourism Research 6,