1. Chapter 11: The Muslim World
Section 1: Rise of Islam
Section 2: Islam Spreads
Section 3: Golden Age of Muslim Civilization
Section 4: Muslims In India
Section 5: The Ottoman & Safavid Empires

2. Section 1: Rise of Islam Summary:
Islam arose in Arabia around 622 and became one of the world’s major religions

3. Section 1: Rise of Islam
In 622, a new religion called Islam arose in Arabia
According to Islam, God sent his angel Gabriel with a command to Muhammad to spread the message of Islam
Muhammad spent the rest of his life spreading the word of Islam
Soon thousands of people adopted Islam

4. Section 1: Rise of Islam People who practice Islam are called Muslims
Like Jews and Christians, Muslims are monotheistic, or believers in one God (Allah)
Allah is believed to be compassionate and all-powerful

5. Section 1: Rise of Islam
Islam teaches that people are responsible for the way they behave
Muslims must pray everyday and are expected to fast, or go without food, from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan

6. Section 1: Rise of Islam
Muslims are supposed to help the poor and visit the holy city of Mecca
Muslims believe that if they follow Islamic teachings, they will have eternal happiness after death

7. Section 1: Rise of Islam The sacred book of Islam is the Quran
Muslims believe that the Quran contains the word of God, so it is the final authority in all matters
It also provides a complete guide to life

8. Section 1: Rise of Islam
Over time, Muslim developed a system of law, called the Sharia
These laws teach people how to behave in family life, business, and other aspects of the community
In this way, Islam is both a religion and a way of life

9. Section 1: Rise of Islam
The Quran, the Sharia, and the Arabic language helped to unite all Muslims

10. The Five Duties of Islam
Section 1: Rise of Islam
The Five Duties of Islam
Alms, or help
for the poor
Daily Prayer
Islam
Monotheistic
Fasting, during
Ramadan
Pilgrimage
to Mecca

11. Section 2: Islam Spreads
Summary:
Inspired by Mohammad’s teachings, Arab armies spread Islam through parts of three continents

12. Section 2: Islam Spreads
Arabs spread Islam across parts of three continents
After Muhammad died, Arab armies built a large empire
They conquered parts of the Byzantine empire, the Persian empire, Egypt, and Spain

13. Section 2: Islam Spreads
The Arabs were successful partly because the Byzantine and Persian empires were weak from fighting wars against each other

14. Section 2: Islam Spreads
Most important Arabs were united by their belief in Islam
The Arabs treated conquered people fairly
People in defeated empires welcomed the Arabs after years of living under harsh rulers
Many converted to Islam

15. Section 2: Islam Spreads
After the death of Muhammad Muslims disagreed about who should be the ruler of Islam
They split into two groups, Sunnis and Shiites

16. Section 2: Islam Spreads
Today, Sunnis and Shiites share most religious beliefs, laws, and a way of life
But they still differ over the issue of who should have succeeded Muhammad as leader of the Islamic community

17. Section 2: Islam Spreads
Several strong dynasties ruled the Arab empire
However, around 850, the empire began to decline
Independent dynasties arose to rule separate Muslim states

18. Section 2: Islam Spreads
In the 900s, the Seljuk Turks adopted Islam and built their own empire
They took control of the Arab capital, Baghdad
Then, in the 1200s, the Mongols destroyed Baghdad

19. Section 2: Islam Spreads

20. Section 3: Golden Age of Muslim Civilization
Summary:
During the Golden Age of Muslim civilization, Muslims of many lands made advances in art, literature, and science

21. Section 3: Golden Age of Muslim Civilization
As the Muslim empire grew, it added Persians, Egyptians, Africans, Europeans, and others to the Arab population
Over time, Muslim culture blended many different traditions

22. Section 3: Golden Age of Muslim Civilization
A strong economy helped to spread Islam
Between , Muslim merchants built a trade network across the Islamic world and beyond
Muslims invented new ways of doing business that included credit sales and bank checks

23. Section 3: Golden Age of Muslim Civilization
Muslim artisans produced fine carpets, glassware, and steel swords

24. Section 3: Golden Age of Muslim Civilization
To help them farm the deserts, leaders built huge irrigation systems

25. Section 3: Golden Age of Muslim Civilization
The many cultures of the Muslim empire influenced art and literature
For example, Muslim architects adapted Byzantine domes and arches for their buildings
Arabs loved stories, so they collected tales from all over the Islamic world

26. Section 3: Golden Age of Muslim Civilization
However, the Quran was the most important piece of Arab literature
Many writers wrote poems and stories based on the Quran

27. Section 3: Golden Age of Muslim Civilization
The Muslims were excellent scientists
They contributed to the development of algebra
Muslim astronomers studied eclipses
They also figured out the circumference of, or distance around, the Earth

28. Section 3: Golden Age of Muslim Civilization
Art
-Adapt Byzantine domes and arches
Literature
-Quran most important
-Collect stories from other people
Learning
-Develop Algebra
-Measure Earth’s circumference
Medicine
-Set up hospitals
-Studied diseases

29. Section 4: Muslims In India
Summary:
Muslim invasions resulted in Islamic rule of Northern India

30. Section 4: Muslims In India
In the late 1100s, Turkish Muslims conquered Northern India
They set up a dynasty called the Delhi sultanate
Muslims rule brought changes to Indian government and society

31. Section 4: Muslims In India
Muslims sultans introduced Muslim ways of government
Trade between India and the Muslim world increased
Many Muslim scholars went to India
They helped create a brilliant civilization at Delhi

32. Section 4: Muslims In India
Muslim rule in India brought together two very different religions and cultures
Hinduism was an ancient religion, with many gods and many sacred texts
Islam was a newer religion with one god and one sacred text

33. Section 4: Muslims In India
The Delhi sultans allowed Hindus to practice their religion
Over time, Muslim and Hindu cultures blended together
Many Hindus converted to Islam

34. Section 4: Muslims In India
Indian Muslims adopted Hindu marriage customs and the caste system
A new language Urdu, mixed Persian, Arabic, and Hindi
Also a new religion, Sikhism developed
Sikhism blended Muslim and Hindu beliefs

35. Section 4: Muslims In India
In 1526, Muslim India was reorganized
They set up the Mughal dynasty
The most important Mughal ruler was Akbar the Great

36. Section 4: Muslims In India
Akbar built a strong government through his policy of religious tolerance
He married a Hindu princess and allowed Hindu princes to help rule the empire
He also modernized the army and encouraged trade

37. Section 4: Muslims In India
Islam
Hindu
One sacred book
Many sacred books
One god
Many gods & goddesses
No statues of god
Pray before many statues
All believers equal before god
People of different castes are not equal

38. Section 5: The Ottoman & Safavid Empires
Summary:
New military technology helped both the Ottomans and Safavids to create powerful empires

39. Section 5: The Ottoman & Safavid Empires
Starting in the 1400s while the Mughals ruled India, two other Muslim dynasties arose
Both used new weapons and military strategies to win territory

40. Section 5: The Ottoman & Safavid Empires
One group, the Ottomans, built a huge empire in the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and northern Africa

41. Section 5: The Ottoman & Safavid Empires
The other group, the Safavid dynasty, built a powerful empire in Persia

42. Section 5: The Ottoman & Safavid Empires
Muslim traditions influenced both empires
Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent strengthened the government and improved the system of justice

43. Section 5: The Ottoman & Safavid Empires
Ottoman law was based on the Sharia
Government officials worked with religious leaders who interpreted the law

44. Section 5: The Ottoman & Safavid Empires
The Safavids created a strong government, strengthened the army, and formed alliances with European states

45. Section 5: The Ottoman & Safavid Empires
Wise leaders of both empires accepted people of other religions
However, the Ottomans and Safavids were bitter enemies because of their opposing views of Islam

46. Section 5: The Ottoman & Safavid Empires
Both the Ottomans and the Safavids enjoyed a Golden Age under great leaders

47. Section 5: The Ottoman & Safavid Empires
During the reign of Suleiman, Ottoman painters used Persian styles to create beautiful manuscripts
Architects built many palaces and places of worship called Mosques

48. Section 5: The Ottoman & Safavid Empires
Safavid leader Shah Abbas the Great restored the culture of Persia
He welcomed artists, poets, and scholars to his capital city
His palace workshops produced beautiful porcelains, clothes, and rugs

49. Section 5: The Ottoman & Safavid Empires Compare & Contrast
Held in Common
Safavid
Sunni
Use new weapons
Shiite
Fight against Europe
Religious toleration
Allies with Europe
Use Persian & Arab Ideas
*Fight against each other in religious wars