1. European Claims in Muslim Regions

2. 3 Muslim Empires
Ottomans in the Middle East, Safavids in Persia, and Mughals in India
All declined due to corruption and discontent
Muhammad Ahmad claimed to be the Mahdi, or savior of the Muslim faith

3. Ottomans North Africa, SE Europe, and parts of the Middle East
Provincial leaders called pashas and $ problems led to unrest
European nations noticed this and took Ottoman lands
In the 1700s the government and tax collection were reformed
Sultans wanted to keep the government autocratic
genocide of Christian Armenians

4. Egypt Muhammad Ali(not the boxer) led economic and political reforms
Conquered neighboring lands and made Egypt the main Middle Eastern power
Leaders succeeding Ali were unable to maintain this power and Britain gained control of Egypt in 1882

5. Persia Present day Iran
When oil was discovered, foreign nations tried to control Iran’s oil fields
These nations were granted special privileges called concessions. They also sent troops to protect their interests
Foreigners caused debate of whether or not to Westernize