1. Anatomy of Arteries, Veins and Capillaries
Lab 4
Anatomy of Arteries, Veins and Capillaries
Identification of major blood vessels
Blood Flow
Lymphatic System
2/6/2010
M. Dufilho

2. Precapillary sphincter
Venous system
Arterial system
Large veins
(capacitance
vessels)
Heart
Elastic arteries
(conducting
vessels)
Large
lymphatic
vessels
Lymph
node
Muscular arteries
(distributing
vessels)
Lymphatic
system
Small veins
(capacitance
vessels)
Arteriovenous
anastomosis
Lymphatic
capillary
Sinusoid
Arterioles
(resistance vessels)
Postcapillary
venule
Terminal arteriole
Metarteriole
Thoroughfare
channel
Capillaries
(exchange vessels)
Precapillary sphincter
2/6/2010
M. Dufilho
Figure 19.2

3. • Subendothelial layer Internal elastic lamina
Tunica intima
• Endothelium
Valve
• Subendothelial layer
Internal elastic lamina
Tunica media
(smooth muscle and
elastic fibers)
External elastic lamina
Tunica externa
(collagen fibers)
Lumen
Vein
Lumen
Artery
Capillary
network
Basement membrane
Endothelial cells
(b)
Capillary
2/6/2010
M. Dufilho
Figure 19.1b

4. 2/6/2010
M. Dufilho
Table 19.1 (1 of 2)

5. 2/6/2010
M. Dufilho
Table 19.1 (2 of 2)

6. Systolic pressure Mean pressure Diastolic pressure 2/6/2010 M. Dufilho
Figure 19.6

7. Factors Aiding Venous Return
Respiratory “pump”: pressure changes created during breathing move blood toward the heart by squeezing abdominal veins as thoracic veins expand
Muscular “pump”: contraction of skeletal muscles “milk” blood toward the heart and valves prevent backflow
Vasoconstriction of veins under sympathetic control
2/6/2010
M. Dufilho

8. Valve (open) Contracted skeletal muscle Valve (closed) Vein
Direction of
blood flow
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M. Dufilho
Figure 19.7

9. Blood Pressure What is blood pressure? How is it measured?
Where is it measured?
Systolic vs. Diastolic?
2/6/2010
M. Dufilho

10. Consists of three parts
Lymphatic System
Consists of three parts
A network of lymphatic vessels (lymphatics)
Lymph
Lymph nodes
2/6/2010
M. Dufilho

11. Lymphatic System: Functions
Returns interstitial fluid and leaked plasma proteins back to the blood
Once interstitial fluid enters lymphatics, it is called lymph
Together with lymphoid organs and tissues, provide the structural basis of the immune system
2/6/2010
M. Dufilho

12. lymphatic duct into vein
Regional
lymph nodes:
Internal jugular vein
Cervical nodes
Entrance of right
lymphatic duct into vein
Entrance of thoracic
duct into vein
Axillary nodes
Thoracic duct
Cisterna chyli
Aorta
Inguinal nodes
Lymphatic
collecting vessels
Drained by the right
lymphatic duct
Drained by the
thoracic duct
(a) General distribution of lymphatic collecting vessels
and regional lymph nodes.
2/6/2010
M. Dufilho
Figure 20.2a

13. Venous system
Arterial system
Heart
Lymphatic
system:
Lymph duct
Lymph trunk
Lymph node
Lymphatic
collecting vessels,
with valves
Tissue
fluid
Blood
capillaries
Lymphatic
capillary
Tissue cell
Blood
capillaries
Lymphatic
capillaries
(a) Structural relationship between a
capillary bed of the blood vascular
system and lymphatic capillaries.
Filaments anchored
to connective tissue
Endothelial cell
Flaplike minivalve
Fibroblast in loose
connective tissue
(b) Lymphatic capillaries are blind-ended tubes in which
adjacent endothelial cells overlap each other,
forming flaplike minivalves.
2/6/2010
M. Dufilho
Figure 20.1

14. Internal jugular veins Esophagus Right lymphatic duct
Right jugular trunk
Internal jugular veins
Esophagus
Right lymphatic duct
Right subclavian trunk
Trachea
Left subclavian trunk
Right subclavian vein
Left jugular trunk
Right broncho-
mediastinal trunk
Left subclavian vein
Brachiocephalic veins
Entrance of thoracic
duct into vein
Superior vena cava
Left bronchomediastinal
trunk
Azygos vein
Ribs
Thoracic duct
Hemiazygos vein
Cisterna chyli
Right lumbar trunk
Left lumbar trunk
Inferior vena cava
Intestinal trunk
(b) Major lymphatic trunks and ducts in relation to veins and
surrounding structures. Anterior view of thoracic and abdominal wall.
2/6/2010
M. Dufilho
Figure 20.2b

15. Lymph Transport Lymph is propelled by Pulsations of nearby arteries
Contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the lymphatics
2/6/2010
M. Dufilho

16. Principal lymphoid organs of the body
Lymph Nodes
Principal lymphoid organs of the body
Embedded in connective tissue, in clusters along lymphatic vessels
Near the body surface in inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions of the body
2/6/2010
M. Dufilho

17. (a) Longitudinal view of the internal structure of a lymph
Cortex
• Lymphoid follicle
Afferent lymphatic
vessels
• Germinal center
• Subcapsular sinus
Efferent lymphatic
vessels
Hilum
Medulla:
• Medullary cord
• Medullary sinus
Trabeculae
Capsule
(a) Longitudinal view of the internal structure of a lymph
node and associated lymphatics
2/6/2010
M. Dufilho
Figure 20.4a

18. lymphatic duct into vein
Regional
lymph nodes:
Internal jugular vein
Cervical nodes
Entrance of right
lymphatic duct into vein
Entrance of thoracic
duct into vein
Axillary nodes
Thoracic duct
Cisterna chyli
Aorta
Inguinal nodes
Lymphatic
collecting vessels
Drained by the right
lymphatic duct
Drained by the
thoracic duct
(a) General distribution of lymphatic collecting vessels
and regional lymph nodes.
2/6/2010
M. Dufilho
Figure 20.2a

19. Figure 20.5 Lymphoid organs.
Tonsils (in pharyngeal
region)
Thymus (in thorax; most
active during youth)
Spleen (curves around
left side of stomach)
Peyer’s patches
(in intestine)
Appendix
2/6/2010
M. Dufilho