1. What is Matter
Matter is anything that takes up space (Volume) and has Mass
Matter has Properties
Hardness, color, texture, shape, melting or boiling points, Chemical activities (flammability or reacting with other chemicals
More to follow on Properties

2. What is Matter made of?
Elements
Compounds
Mixtures

3. What is Matter made of?
Elements-Building blocks of nature. They cannot be broken down
Elements are found on Periodic Table
Atomic-most elements can exist as individual atoms(smallest particle of any element). Examples: Fe, Au, Ag, Al
Molecular-some elements are Diatomic when found in molecular form in nature. H2, O2, N2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
Also Triatomic, Tetratomic, Octatomic

4. What is Matter made of?
Compounds-Two or more elements chemically bonded together
Smallest particle is a Molecule
These can be broken down into smaller compounds or elemental parts
Examples: H2O(water), Fe2O3(rust)
2 H2O(l)  2 H2(g) O2(g)
2 Fe2O3(s)  4 FeO(s) O2(g)
2 FeO(s)  2 Fe(s) O2(g)
2NaCl(s)  2 Na(s) + Cl2(g)
CH4(g) O2(g)  CO2(g) H2O(g)

5. What is Matter made of?
Mixtures-These are made of two or more chemicals that are not chemically bonded together. Examples: Sand, Salt/Pepper, Milk, Blood, Muddy water
Homogeneous – similar throughout(cola)
Heterogeneous – differences occur (concrete)
Mixtures can usually be separated easily by physical means such as filtration, distillation or chromatography

6. Filtration: Coffee filters Some water filters
Separates tiny solid substances that are only suspended in liquids and solutions. Not for dissolved chemicals
Coffee filters
Some water filters
Pool filters – sand or Diatomaceous Earth
Filtration:

7. Distillation: Separates Homogeneous mixtures using the differences in
boiling points.
BPH20 = 100˚C
BPNaCl = 808˚C
Water vapor rises first and condenses in the tube.

8. Chromatography:
Separates colored substances on the basis of differences in solubility in a solvent. Higher solubility travels farther.

9. Classification Flowchart

10. Physical Properties
Volume, mass, size, color, shape, smell, hardness, density, texture, melting & boiling points, viscosity, temperature…

11. Physical Changes
Change that alters appearance or form of material but does not change to different kind of material
Changes of State are ALWAYS Physical Changes
Examples: tearing paper, breaking pencil, crushing a rock, ice melting, gasoline vaporizing

12. Chemical Properties What are the chemical activities of the material
Does it react with Oxygen
Does it react with Water
Does it react with Chlorine
Does it react with Fluorine
Does it react with …

13. Chemical Changes
A chemical reaction occurs that produce NEW substances
Old chemicals bonds must be broken and new ones formed
Example: burning fuel, digesting food, Photosynthesis, rusting iron, plant decay, baking bread

14. 2 Kinds of Chemical Reactions
Exothermic
Releases heat into surroundings
Might feel warm or hot to the touch
Reactants have higher energy in their bonds
Examples:
Mixing acid with bases
Burning of a fuel
Digestion

15. 2 Kinds of Chemical Reactions
Endothermic
Absorbs heat from the surroundings
Could feel cool to the touch
Products have more energy than reactants
Examples:
Cooking an egg
Dissolving Baking Soda
Photosynthesis
Cooking coffee beans

16. Measuring Matter
Volume -- How much space material takes up: V=LxWxH V=Pr2h V=4/3Pr3
Mass -- gram, Kilogram not affected by gravity
Weight -- Pounds, Ounces The effect that gravity has on a mass
Density = Mass/Volume

17. Density Mass/Volume Affects the buoyancy of material. Does it float?
Is NOT affected by size of sample
Is affected by change in temperature

18. In scientific measurements, the Celsius and Kelvin scales are most often used.
The Celsius scale is based on the properties of water.
0C is the freezing point of water.
100C is the boiling point of water.
Temperature

19. The Fahrenheit scale is not used in scientific measurements.
F = 9/5(C) + 32
C = 5/9(F − 32)
Temperature
The Kelvin is the SI unit of temperature.
There are no negative Kelvin temperatures.
K = C + 273

20. Accuracy versus Precision
Accuracy refers to the proximity of a measurement to the true value of a quantity.
Precision refers to the proximity of several measurements to each other.