1. LBNL and Government Data Center Programs SC07 November, 2007 William Tschudi wftschudi@lbl.gov

2. Acknowledgement of LBNL sponsors (who pays the bills) California Energy Commission – PIER program California Energy Commission – PIER program Pacific Gas and Electric Company Pacific Gas and Electric Company New York State Energy and Development Agency (NYSERDA) New York State Energy and Development Agency (NYSERDA) US - Environmental Protection Agency US - Environmental Protection Agency US – Department of Energy US – Department of Energy

3. LBNL is a DOE Laboratory managed by the University of California – I’m a UC employee. Keep that in mind for my remarks – I thought I’d never get to say “I’m from the government and I’m here to help”, but since I’m also representing EPA and DOE, I can.

4. LBNL data center accomplishments (Aren’t we done yet?) Research Roadmap Research Roadmap Benchmarking and 23 data center case studies Benchmarking and 23 data center case studies Self-benchmarking protocol Self-benchmarking protocol Power supply &UPS efficiency studies Power supply &UPS efficiency studies Standby generation losses Standby generation losses Performance metrics – Computation/watt Performance metrics – Computation/watt Demonstration projects Demonstration projects EPA report to Congress EPA report to Congress DOE Save Energy Now program DOE Save Energy Now program

5. Current LBNL internal focus Designing new scientific computing facility Designing new scientific computing facility Goals Goals –Model of energy efficiency Convened workshop of all supercomputer vendors Convened workshop of all supercomputer vendors Better projections of future power needs Better projections of future power needs Pushing the envelop – environmental conditions, power distribution Pushing the envelop – environmental conditions, power distribution –Leading scientific computing facility First hand exposure to barriers – e.g. inertia, construction budget vs. total cost of ownership, fear of the unknown

6. LBNL design target (how low can you go?) LBNL’s new supercomputer facility is being designed to achieve a ratio of 1.2 Ratio of Total power to IT power Ratio of total power to It power

7. Current LBNL CA focus Developing LEED TM type criteria for data centers Developing LEED TM type criteria for data centers (no bamboo floors) Evaluating modular and scalable cooling solutions Evaluating modular and scalable cooling solutions(chill-off) Promoting use of air economizers Promoting use of air economizers –study filtration options –research failure modes –collaborate with ASHRAE Demonstrating spray cool technology Demonstrating spray cool technology (Back to the future) Continuing DC power initiative Continuing DC power initiative (Edison was right) Researching Network Equipment power Researching Network Equipment power (What’s that bandwidth worth?) no data centers next to volcanoes

8. LBNL support of Federal programs EPA activities EPA activities –Report to Congress follow-on –Energy Star server spec –Energy Star buildings – data center metric DOE activities DOE activities –EERE - Save Energy Now Pilot assessments Pilot assessments Profiler tool Profiler tool Assessment tools Assessment tools Best practices and training Best practices and training –FEMP – Technical assistance

9. Findings from EPA report to Congress Trends in data center energy use Sector consumed about 61 billion KWh in 2006 Sector consumed about 61 billion KWh in 2006 –Equates to ~1.5% total U.S. electricity consumption and ~$4.5 billion –Federal sector: ~6 billion kWh and ~$450 million Projected to increase to 100 billion kWh in 2011 Projected to increase to 100 billion kWh in 2011 –Equates to ~2.5% of total U.S. electricity consumption and ~$7.4 billion Big and getting bigger

10. What is US Government’s role? (We’re here to help) EPA & DOE want to be the catalyst EPA & DOE want to be the catalyst –Stimulate competition on energy efficiency –Foster discussions between key stakeholders –Provide key recommendations (EPA Report to Congress) –Develop standardized protocols and metrics to measure energy consumption (e.g., ENERGY STAR) Lead by example - assess and implement best practices in federal datacenters Lead by example - assess and implement best practices in federal datacenters Promote initiatives globally Promote initiatives globally

11. Green Grid - DOE Energy Savings Goal; 10.7 billion kWh/yr by 2011 Source: “Report to Congress on Server and Data Center Energy Efficiency Public Law 109-431” US EPA, August 2, 2007 Projected electricity use - Various scenarios 2007 - 2011

12. EPA report recommendations Standardized performance measurements for IT equipment and data centers (your mileage may vary) Standardized performance measurements for IT equipment and data centers (your mileage may vary) –Development of benchmark/metric for data centers –ENERGY STAR label for servers Leadership by Federal Government Leadership by Federal Government –Publicly report energy performance of datacenters –Conduct energy efficiency assessments in all datacenters in 2-3 years –Architect of the Capital, implement server-related recommendations in Greening of the Capital report sustained flops/watt??

13. Recommendations cont. Private sector challenge Private sector challenge –CEOs support DOE Save Energy Now program Information on best practices Information on best practices –Raise awareness and encourage energy efficiency improvements in datacenter –Government partner with private industry: case studies, best practices (ASHRAE, Green Grid, etc.) Research and development Research and development –Develop technologies and practices for datacenter energy efficiency (e.g., hardware, software, power conversion)

14. DOE - EERE Program objectives Build tools, expertise, and strategy in collaboration with industry Build tools, expertise, and strategy in collaboration with industry Raise awareness of the opportunity Raise awareness of the opportunity With FEMP, assist Federal centers With FEMP, assist Federal centers Recognize industry leaders Recognize industry leaders Can Science and Efficiency goals both be met?

15. Paul Scheihing Paul.Scheihing@ee.doe.gov 202-586-7234 Contacts/More information Andrew Fanara Fanara.Andrew@epa.gov 206-553-6377 Bill Tschudi wftschudi@lbl.gov 510-495-2417 websites:http://hightech.lbl.gov/datacenters/ www.energystar.gov/datacenters www.eere.energy.gov/datacenters/

16. Backup slides

17. Percentage of electricity delivered to IT equipment Average.57 Higher is better Source: LBNL Benchmarking

18. Data Center total electrical demand/ IT equipment demand Average 1.83 Lower is better Source: LBNL Benchmarking

19. Performance varies The relative percentages of the energy actually doing computing varied considerably. Source: LBNL case studies

20. Server Load/ Computing Operations Cooling Equipment Power Conversion & Distribution Alternative Power Generation High voltage distribution Use of DC power Highly efficient UPS systems Efficient redundancy strategies Load management Server innovation Energy efficiency opportunities are everywhere Better air management Move to liquid cooling Optimized chilled-water plants Use of free cooling On-site generation Waste heat for cooling Use of renewable energy/fuel cells