1. Close Proximity Electric Induction Data Transfer Overview September 2010 Ecma/TC50/2010/037

2. What is Electric Induction Coupling? Electric Induction Coupling is a new wireless technology that combines the speed of UWB (Ultra-Wide Band) with the ease of NFC (Near Field Communications). Operating up to a distance of a few centimeters, this technology delivers a close proximity connection at a transfer speed of 560 Mbps by means of a simple touch between two devices. From a user standpoint, this model can be thought of as an intuitive, touch-activated, high-speed data interface providing instant connectivity between a wide variety of consumer (and non-consumer) electronic products. Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 2

3. Key Concepts Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 3 Proximity Interface - Intuitive Model Simply bring two devices close together and the connection is established and data transfer begins! High Speed 560 Mbps (max) for the physical layer 375 Mbps (max) effective throughput No Setup Required Instant, ad-hoc touch triggers the connection Safe and Secure Limited spatial reach ensures inherent privacy and security Interference Free Induction coupler and low power minimize interference effects Excellent co-existence with other systems Get info Share files Print photos Example Use Cases

4. The Benefits This wireless standard enables a high-speed, low-power interface for the transfer of data between two active devices in very close proximity. There are no standards in existence today that can handle bi- directional data transfer at speeds above 500 Mbps optimized for close proximity, one-to-one communication. This standard ensures basic connectivity and interoperability for data transfer regardless of product, application, usage model or content. This standard can be directly applied for a variety of different industry segments, including consumer electronics, industrial, enterprise, public areas and special environments. Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 4

5. Basic Technology Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 5 Center Frequency 4.48 GHz Bandwidth 560 MHz Transmission Power< -70 dBm/MHz Transmission Rate 560 Mbps ( physical Modulation Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum ( DSSS ) Communication Distance Up to a few centimeters Data Transfer Direction Bi-directional, symmetric Antenna Element Electric Induction Coupler Connection Topology 1-to-1, Point-to-Point _

6. Unique Wireless Positioning Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 6 Bluetooth 2.1 Bluetooth 2.1 Low-bandwidth Personal Area Networking 1 10 100 500 Distance Coverage (m) 1 100 10 Wi-Fi Wi-Fi 802.11a/b/g/n 802.11a/b/g/n Local Area Networking UWB UWB Personal Area Networking Effective Throughput (Mps) NFC Authentication Transaction Proximity Proximity Longitudinal Longitudinal Electric Electric Induction Induction High-Speed Data Transfer Interface - High-Speed Data Transfer - Robust Connection - Secure Communications - Zero Configuration / Setup - Interference Free - Regulatory Compliance ECMA-340… ECMA-368… Memory Spot Enhanced RFID

7. 7 -70 dBm/MHz: -41.3 dBm/MHz: Frequency Usage Region of Operation 4.2 to 4.76 GHz -70 dBm/MHz or below The frequency used is from 4.2 to 4.76 GHz, corresponding to a section of the UWB band available in most regions of the world. The power level is kept at or below -70 dBm/MHz, which means that a compliant device will be DAA exempt.

8. Electric Induction Principle Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 8 + + + + + _ _ _ _ _ L Transverse Component Longitudinal Component Quasi-Static Induction Radiation Electric Induction Coupling Mode Inductive Charge Inverse Mirror Charge A specially designed antenna called a coupler is used to maximize the longitudinal electric induction component and minimize the radiation component of the wireless energy. This results in highly efficient coupling in the near field while providing sharp attenuation in the far field. Generic Coupler Structure Ground Induction Plate Resonant Stub

9. Electric Induction Coupling Animation No Target Target within range λ/ 2 @ 4.48GHz 1cm Coupler Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 9 The coupler delivers a "bubble" of energy which collapses back in its entirety with each cycle, unless another coupler comes into its vicinity in which case part of the energy is absorbed by this target coupler. When there are no target couplers nearby, no energy is dissipated unlike traditional antennas radiating TEM waves.

10. Longitudinal Electric Induction Coupler Conventional Radiating Dipole Antenna Electric Field Propagation Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 10 Linear Polarization Polarization Free Because the longitudinal electric induction fields originate from a single plate, they are not polarized. The couplers can approach each other at any angle without sacrificing coupling performance, in contrast to radiating antennas which generally have clear polarizing characteristics. The near-field sensitivity is also higher using couplers compared to traditional dipole antennas.

11. Usage Scenarios Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 11 Consumer Electronics Outdoor Use Enterprise Industrial Location-Based Home & Personal AV products Digital Signage Kiosk Public Areas Outdoors Under water Automotive Rugged Environments Industrial Shopping Mall In addition to consumer electronics, electric induction data transfer is also suited for industrial and other usage scenarios that require robust, high-speed, non-contact connections.

12. 12 Worlds are About to Touch Worlds are About to Touch Touch Creating a New Touch Paradigm

13. Rue du Rhône 114 - CH-1204 Geneva - T: +41 22 849 6000 - F: +41 22 849 6001 - www.ecma-international.org 13 Rue du Rhône 114 CH-1204 Geneva T: +41 22 849 6000 F: +41 22 849 6001 www.ecma-international.org