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Class 11 Respiratory System
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Respiratory System Functions
Supplies cells with oxygen Rids the body of carbon dioxide Also brings scents to the nose Vibrates vocal cords for speech Notes: Exhalation of carbon dioxide rids the blood of acid, which is critical in maintaining proper blood acid-base balance.
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Upper Respiratory Tract
Nose/Nasal Cavity Sinuses Pharynx Larynx Essentially: from the larynx UP 3
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Lower Respiratory Tract
Trachea Bronchial Tree Lungs Essentially: From the trachea DOWN
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Functions: Filter, Warm, Moisten Air (Sense of Smell)
Nose and Nasal Cavity Functions: Filter, Warm, Moisten Air (Sense of Smell) 5
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~Lighten your head ~Resonate your voice ~Make Mucus
Paranasal Sinuses Functions: ~Lighten your head ~Resonate your voice ~Make Mucus 6
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Neti Pot Warm, saline solution Passive nasal rinse
Can be helpful for allergies, excess mucus, nasal congestion
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Passageway for both air and food
The Pharynx Function: Passageway for both air and food 8
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between the pharynx (throat) and trachea (windpipe)
The Larynx Location: between the pharynx (throat) and trachea (windpipe) Muscle & Elastic Tissue False Vocal Cords Help close airway during swallowing True Vocal folds (vocal cords) Used for speech Epiglottis Flap of tissue that closes over larynx to prevent food from entering Cartilage framework Thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple) Cricoid Cartilage 9
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Vocal Cords/Folds & Trachea
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Trachea Location: Structure: Function: C6 – T5. Anterior to esophagus
Strong tube, mucous lined, splits into R & L bronchi, surrounded by “C” shaped rings of cartilage Function: Passageway for air to lungs 11
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Bronchial Tree 12
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Bronchial Tree-Structural Divisions
Primary Bronchi Secondary Bronchi Tertiary Bronchi Bronchioles Alveolar Ducts Alveoli
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Alveolar Gas Exchange Gas exchange happens by diffusion: higher concentration to lower concentration. 14
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Damaged Alveoli & Emphysema
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Lungs Air passages, alveoli, blood vessels, connective tissue, lymphatic vessels, nerves. 16
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Pleural Membranes Visceral Pleura Parietal Pleura Pleural Cavity
Directly touches lung tissue Parietal Pleura Lines the thoracic cavity Pleural Cavity The “virtual space” between the pleuras, filled with serous fluid
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Breathing Mechanism--Inspiration
Quiet/Restful Breathing Forced Inspiration Diaphragm Lowers & creates more space in the thoracic cavity External Intercostals Pull ribcage up and out SCM Scalenes Pec Minor ALL affect ribcage
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Breathing Mechanism--Expiration
Quiet/Restful Breathing Forced Expiration ELASTIC RECOIL Ribcage Diaphragm Abdominal contents Lung tissue ALL SECONDARY Abdominals Obliques Internal Intercostals
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Control of Breathing Respiratory Control Center:
Medulla Oblongata controls most breathing Pons controls smooth transition from inspiration to expiration Factors Affecting Breathing: CO2 levels detected in CSF, send signals to brain, breathing **most important factor** O2 levels detected on cellular level Emotional /Psychological Factors Act through Limbic System to activate hypothalmic sympathetic nervous system. 22
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Transport of Gases-Oxygen
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Transport of Gases-Carbon Dioxide
CO2 + H2O = H2CO3 = H+ + HCO3- Carbon Dioxide + Water = Carbonic Acid = Hydrogen + Bicarbonate Ions
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Cellular Respiration A series of metabolic processes that take place within a cell Biochemical energy is harvested from organic substance (e.g. glucose) and stored as energy carriers (ATP) for use in energy-requiring activities of the cell. Aerobic Respiration NEEDS OXYGEN
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EXAM REVIEW
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Along the Alimentary Canal
This…….is….…Jeopardy Urinary Digestive Reproductive Respiratory Along the Alimentary Canal 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400
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Thank goodness!!!
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