1. Charles V and the Habsburg Legacy
Habsburg-Valois Wars
AP European History

2. Habsburgs – European Dynasty
Maximilian I ( )
administrative “circles”, Imperial Chamber and Council
strategic use of royal marriages
he marries Mary of Burgundy (France & Netherlands)
their son, Philip, marries Joanna heiress of Castile & Spanish America, Aragon & its Mediterranean & Italian possessions
their son, Charles, inherits all this PLUS is elected Holy Roman Emperor, 1519

3. Habsburg Family Tree
Mary Tudor
Queen of England
pg. 355

4. Habsburg Brothers
Emperor Charles V (a.k.a. King Charles I of Spain) – most powerful ruler of his time
Ferdinand elected King of Bohemia and Hungary
Attempts to protect areas from the Turks, who had been moving into Europe since the fall of Constantinople, 1453

5. Habsburg Dynasty under Charles V
U2.D1 #21

6. The Habsburg Threat “Universal Monarchy”
threat to national independence
France especially worried (they are surrounded)
England worried (they are not making headway into the continent)

7. Charles V – political change in Empire
Reinstatement of:
Imperial Supreme Court
Council of Regency
Creation of:
Consultation of Imperial Diet
In what ways did these concessions end up helping the PR in Germany? (U2.D1 #22)

8. Emperor Charles V
Charles V dealing w/ French, Turks, and Pope is unable to direct attention toward Luther
urges a European wide council for reconciliation
Unfortunately, Francis I and Henry VIII prefer national councils and Pope Clement VII sides with Francis I
Habsburg-Valois Wars ( )
Conflict centered around southern France, Netherlands, Rhineland, northern Spain and Italy
2nd Habsburg-Valois War ( ) = violent sacking of Rome by the Spanish under Charles V, by 1530 Charles V ruled over most of Italy

9. Charles V and the Ottoman Empire
Suleiman the Magnificent ( )
Battle of Mohacs (1526) – King Louis of Hungary killed & Turks advanced on Vienna, turned back in 1529
forced to fight off Turkish, Arab, and Barbary attacks on Mediterranean coasts of Spain and Italy

10. Schmalkaldic Wars (1546-47, 52-55)
1546 France and Schmalkaldic League go to war with Empire
Schmalkaldic League (princely Lutheran supporters and free imperial states), formed in 1531 after Charles V demands that all converts return to the Catholic Church
King Henry II (France) supports the Schmalkaldic League as it weakens the Empire

11. Schmalkaldic Wars (1546-47, 52-55)
Imperial Forces = German, Dutch, Spanish & Italian troops
Phase 1
Battle of Mühlberg, Lutherans are defeated (1547)
Phase 2
1552 Henry II (France) revives wars
1555 France and Schmalkaldic League are victorious – Charles V forced to negaotiate a truce

12. Peace of Augsburg (1555)
cuius regio eius religio: “whose the region, his the religion”
rulers at liberty to choose the religion of the individual states
victory for Lutheranism – now on equal footing with Catholicism
increased national fragmentation of Germany
The Peace of Augsburg overlooks one crucial issue of the Reformation. What is it?

13. Abdication of Charles V
1556 – sick and exhausted Charles V gives up his fight of the Empire and abdicates the throne to his brother Ferdinand (HRE +) and his son, Philip (Spain)
Now in addition to all other territories (except Spain) HREmperor is also the King of Bohemia and Hungary
Philip becomes Philip II, King of Spain