1. Families

2. Objectives List the primary functions of families Define the traditional family life cycle and its variations Assess the effects of current social trends on family life Identify ways to strengthen families Give examples of how common changes can affect a family Describe family challenges that can turn into crises Explain how sources of help can provide benefits during family challenges

3. Functions of a Family They nurture family members by providing the care and attention needed to promote development Families provide the structure children learn from to become independent and live in society

4. Functions of a Family Meet Physical Needs – Most basic responsibility is to provide food, clothing and shelter – Also includes responsibility for health and safety Promote Intellectual Development – Family is child’s first teacher – Parents, siblings and other family members can all help young children learn – Should remain active in children’s learning even after they start school

5. -Children’s initial reading competence is correlated with the home literacy environment, number of books owned, and parent distress -In a nationwide study of American kindergarten children, 36% of parents in the lowest-income quintile read to their children on a daily basis, compared with 62% of parents from the highest-income quintile Child Literacy and SES

6. Functions of a Family Meet Emotional Needs – Families nurture emotional needs by showing love and acceptance – Help develop a positive self-image and high self-esteem – Teach children how to express their emotions in acceptable ways Encourage Social Skills – Socialization means learning how to interact with other people – Some social skills taught directly, (please/thank you) – Everything children see (tone of voice/body language) helps them form their idea of appropriate behavior

7. Family Structure StructureDescription NuclearIncludes two-parents and one or more children Single-ParentIncludes one parent and one or more children BlendedWhen two people marry and at least one person has a child or children from a previous marriage AdoptiveA family with a child or children made a permanent part of the family through legal action FosterA family temporary caring for a child or children; some foster families become adoptive families Legal GuardianA person who has financial and legal duties to care for a child or children IntergenerationalOne or two parents, children and/or other relatives like grandparents, cousins, aunts or uncles

8. The Family Life Cycle Families go through a process of growth and change over the years, called the family life cycle Gives a general picture of how families must adapt to changing situations

9. The Family Life Cycle Beginning Stage – Family cycle starts when two people marry and establish their relationship Parenting Stage – Priorities shift to children, less time for the couple Launching Stage – Time of transition as children begin to leave home and become independent Middle-Age Stage – Parents have time to focus on relationship again. Preparing for retirement becomes a more immediate concern Retirement Stage – More time for leisure activities, age-related and health issues more likely to be major concerns

10. Family Trends Every family experiences changes and many result from societal trends Smaller Families – In 1800, the average family included 7 children Divorce and Remarriage – Divorce rate is higher today than it was 50 years ago Single Parents – Most single-parent households are headed by women, although the percentage headed by men is increasing

11. Qualities of a Strong Family A strong family is similar to a tree – both are deeply rooted in a nourishing environment

12. Qualities of a Strong Family Individual Respect – Accept and appreciate their differences Effective Communication – Practical and Emotional Mutual Trust – Building trust is a two-way street – If you want people to trust you, you must show you are trustworthy Emotional Support – Let your family know they you are there for them Sharing and Traditions – Helps form strong and lasting bonds Outside Support System – A support system consists of all the people and organizations a family can turn to – Extended family, Social services, Libraries, Parks, Schools and Churches

13. Reflection Part I On a separate piece of paper, to be turned in Answer the following questions, in complete sentences: 1.Explain how a family meets each members emotional needs. 2.Identify why the middle-aged stage can be enjoyable for couples. 3.Give an example of why it was helpful to have a large family in the 19 th century. 4.List some of the typical components of a family support system.

14. Types of Family Changes Families have a valuable resource in one another Responding to change or crisis can help bring family members closer together Change tends to create stress for families because it requires the family to adapt to a new situation

15. Types of Family Changes Moving to a new home Employment changes New additions: – Baby – Older child – Step-Relatives Moving back home – Adult Children – Older Relatives

16. Crises A crises is an event or situation that overwhelms the usual coping methods and causes severe stress

17. Crises Financial Hardship – All family members need to understand that sacrifices must be made when serious financial problems arise – Patience and support can go a long way Divorce – Is one of the most painful changes a family can go through – The legally assigned responsibility for the care of the children and the decisions that affect them is called custody – Parents may be awarded joint custody, in which they are equally responsible, or primary custody where one parent makes the decisions

18. Crises Teen Pregnancy – Pregnant teens need the support of their parents – Both teen parents have a financial and practical responsibility to the child – Teen parents are not the only ones whose lives are affected – Their parents and other family members often face adjustments and must take on added responsibilities

19. Crises Health issues – Some families face the challenges of caring for someone who is mentally or physically ill – Financial difficulties from health issues can build up Death – Losing a special person to death can bring painful emotional and physical feelings – Greif is sorrow caused by the death of a loved one

20. Crises Drug and Alcohol Problems – Substance abuse is the use of illegal drugs or the misuse of legal drugs or substances – Alcohol is the most commonly abused substance – Alcoholism is a physical and mental dependence on alcohol – Entire families are damaged by the side effects of substance abuse

21. Crises Family Violence – Abuse is never justified – Abuse is when a person threatens the physical or mental health of another – Neglect is the failure to give the proper and required care – Abusers and their victims can benefit from counseling Major Disasters – Hurricanes, earthquakes, floods and fires are some of the disasters that can strike people’s homes or communities – Public agencies and private organizations often provide aid – However, overcoming the emotional affects of a disaster can take a long time

22. Help Many times people find their own solutions Sources of help include: – Your family, teachers, counselors, religious leaders, friends, support groups and professional counselors.

23. Reflection Part II On a separate piece of paper, to be turned in Answer the following questions, in complete sentences: 1.Give an example of how employment changes can cause stress. 2.Explain how divorce can be hard on the children involved. 3.List some sources of help available to families during crises.