1. A little Middle Ages review…

2. 1. All of the following were advantages of France in the Hundred Years’ War EXCEPT A. F rance was larger than England in population B. F rance was richer than England in natural resources C. F rance was more politically united than England D. F rance was larger in territorial size

3. 2. 14 th -century Europeans believed which of the following was the most likely explanation for the deaths caused by the Plague? A. ships from the Middle East carrying rats. B. their own sinfulness C. cold winters and wet summers. D. unsanitary, overcrowded cities

4. 3. The revolts of the fourteenth century led to A. the overthrow of the hierarchical social order B. the freezing of peasants’ and workers’ wages C. weakening of nobles’ control over European peasants D. violent suppression by European monarchs

5. 4. Critics of the papacy's move to Avignon thought that A. the church had retreated from secular leadership. B. the move had contributed to the disasters plaguing Europe. C. the pope should always be of Italian origin. D. the French king was the anti-Christ

6. 5. The conciliarists, liked Wycliffe and another reformer named John Hus, believed that A. the popes’ power should be unlimited. B. the popes' power should be limited. C. the papacy should focus as much on secular matters as on spiritual ones. D. papal power exceeded that of kings

7. 6. Which of these would have been among John Wycliffe’s beliefs? A. the Bible confirmed the authority of the pope. B. there was no evidence for papal supremacy in the Bible. C. the clergy should enhance its spiritual power with material wealth. D. England’s monarch should rule the English church.

8. 7. The immediate cause of the Hundred Years' War was A. c onflict over the European wool trade. B. w idespread French support of Edward III’s claims to the French crown. C. a dispute between the English and French kings over the Aquitaine D. a revolt in the Aquitaine against the French king.

9. 8. Mounted knights and castle-building became obsolete during the Hundred Years' War with... A. the introduction of longbows. B. the introduction of pikes. C. the introduction of mounted cavalry. D. the introduction of longbows, pikes, and especially gunpowder.

10. 9. For a time, the English gained the advantage in the later stages of the Hundreds Years War with A. The Burgundians, who opposed a stronger French monarchy, joining them B. Henry V’s reassertion of claims to the French crown. C. the strategy of avoiding major confrontations. D. the relief of the siege of Orleans

11. 10. The famine that initiated the disasters of the fourteenth century was the result of A. bad weather and declining agricultural productivity. B. the disruption of near-constant warfare C. the bubonic plague. D. disease that decimated European livestock

12. 11. Wat Tyler’s revolt and the Jacquerie were linked to the Plague because… A. W orkers and peasants blamed the hierarchy for the disaster B. K ings attempted to turn free peasants back into serfs C. M ore powerful leaders passed laws and instituted taxes to halt the gains made by workers D. T hese revolts occurred where European death rates were highest

13. 12. Which does NOT belong to the Hundred Years’ War? A. O rleans B. A gincourt C. C recy D. B osworth Field *Wars of the Roses

14. This new social class paid taxes and staffed New Monarchs’ governments: Bourgeoisie

15. She represents a new force in Europe and a new way for Europeans to identify themselves Nationalism (Joan of Arc)

16. Henry Tudor (VII) This is Elizabeth of York. Name her husband, a rebel from the House of Lancaster.

17. What great vernacular work described the Plague years and told the stories of Italians fleeing the disease? The Decameron The Decameron (Boccaccio)

18. These symbols are connected with what great 14 th Century war? A. T he Wars of the Roses B. T he Crusades C. T he Hundred Years’ War D. T he Reconquista