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The Great Migration
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The movement of 1.6 million African Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West between 1910–1930 The movement of 1.6 million African Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West between 1910–1930
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The Great Migration 1910-1930 (second wave, 1910-1930 (second wave, 1930 to 1970) 1930 to 1970) Movement of 6 million Movement of 6 million African Americans out African Americans out of the rural south into the of the rural south into the Northeast, Midwest, and Northeast, Midwest, and West. West. –New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Detroit, Pittsburgh, Detroit, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, and Indianapolis Cleveland, and Indianapolis Largest internal movement of an American population. Largest internal movement of an American population. By the end of the Great Migration… By the end of the Great Migration… –African Americans became an urbanized—rather than rural— population. –Northern American cities became significantly more black
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The Great Migration Push FactorsPush Factors Racial ViolenceRacial Violence Rise of the KKKRise of the KKK LynchingLynching Economic RepressionEconomic Repression Share croppingShare cropping Tenant FarmingTenant Farming KKK: Boycotts and IntimidationKKK: Boycotts and Intimidation Political RepressionPolitical Repression Jim Crow LawsJim Crow Laws Sundown TownsSundown Towns Environmental DevastationEnvironmental Devastation Volatile Weather of 1915-16 (drought and flood)Volatile Weather of 1915-16 (drought and flood) Boll WeevilBoll Weevil
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The Great Migration Pull Factors Pull Factors Economic Opportunity? Economic Opportunity? Political Rights Political Rights Unity and Solidarity Unity and Solidarity Hope Hope Mystery, Adventure and Myths Mystery, Adventure and Myths
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The Great Migration Where African-Americans Migrated To & Why Primarily Chicago, Detroit and NYPrimarily Chicago, Detroit and NY Also: St. Louis, Indianapolis, Philadelphia Also: St. Louis, Indianapolis, Philadelphia Industrial Towns with Booming IndustriesIndustrial Towns with Booming Industries Towns With Supportive NetworksTowns With Supportive Networks
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The Great Migration What Migrants Brought With Them What Migrants Brought With Them Economic Despair Economic Despair Illiteracy Illiteracy Political inexperience Political inexperience Experiences & Memories Experiences & Memories Hopes and Dreams Hopes and Dreams Fear & Despair Fear & Despair Racism & Prejudice Racism & Prejudice Culture: music, poetry, prose, visual art… Culture: music, poetry, prose, visual art…
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Effects of the Great Migration Shift Blacks from a Rural Population to an Urban Population Shift Blacks from a Rural Population to an Urban Population Increase the number of African Americans living in North cities; Make these cities truly multi-racial Increase the number of African Americans living in North cities; Make these cities truly multi-racial
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