1. Chapter 6: India and Southeast Asia

2. Warm Up Explain the Punic Wars and their importance:
Define Latifundia and how it impacts Rome:
Poor working class or Rome:
Wealthy landowning class of Rome:
Pax Romana:
Spread of Roman culture and ideas:
Sent to convert non Jews to Christianity:
Person who dies for their faith:

3. I. Foundations of Indian Civilization
A. Indian Subcontinent
India has three zones: northern mountainous zone, Indus and Ganges basin zone, the peninsula
Indus river and the Ganges river crops include rice, wheat, barley
Because of the geographical diversity of India it is difficult to politically control India throughout history
B. Vedic Age
Aryans and Dasas struggle for power in India and this leads to rigid social classes in a system called caste

4. Below this is the untouchables (dealing with dead bodies)
B. Vedic Age
Social Classes:
1. Priests and Scholars
2. Warriors
3. Merchants
4. peasants and laborers
Below this is the untouchables (dealing with dead bodies)
Caste system: people could not move up or down in the caste in this life, good move up next life, bad move down next life
Reincarnation: person’s soul (atman) is continually reborn into a new form after death

5. System of accountability for all people
B. Vedic Age
People would work hard in the caste system so they could move up in the next life
System of accountability for all people
Karma: one’s actions in life will determine how they are reborn
Dharma: one’s duty in life
Person will be reborn until
dharma is met
Brahmin was the god above
all in the Vedic religion

6. B. Vedic Age
Role of Women: They could study and participate in rituals, they could own land, and they married in their early teens
C. Challenges to the Old Order: Jainism and Buddhism
Jainism practiced non violence and their goals is to achieve moksha (liberation from reincarnation)
Siddhartha Gautama founded the religion of Buddhism
Prince who left home and wandered the land looking for answers and enlightenment
His goal was to seek the cure for human suffering
Resolved to find a way to overcome age and sickness to keep people from having to suffer

7. Buddhism teaches a path to enlightenment with the goal of achieving nirvana (release from reincarnation)
Atman: a person’s eternal soul
Do not believe in the caste system
Do not worship any gods, Buddha forbade followers to worship his image

8. D. Rise of Hinduism
Hinduism is the reform of the Old Vedic religion
Hinduism believes in many gods
Brahman – single force, external being that created the world
Vishnu—the preserver of the world
Shiva—the destroyer of the world
Ganges river becomes a pilgrimage site for Hindu people to cleanse them of wrongdoings
(Confessional—Catholics)

12. II. Imperial Expansion and Collapse, 324 BCE–650 CE
A. Mauryan Empire, BCE
Mauryan Empire was founded by Chandragupta
Pataliputra is capital

13. Empire had a large army (infantry, cavalry, chariots, elephants), taxed agriculture goods 25% of the harvest to the state, and had state monopolies on mines, shipbuilding, and armaments
Ashoka is the most famous Mauryan emperor spread Buddhism throughout his empire

15. B. Commerce and Political Fragmentation
184 BCE Mauryan Empire collapses
Political Fragmentation brings a rise to artisans and merchants (Middle Ages in Europe)
C. Gupta Empire, CE
Guptas controlled iron deposits, established state monopolies and collected 25% farm tax
Gupta mathematics invented Arabic numbers and a concept of zero in Asia

16. Women lost the right to inherit or own property and to participate in rituals
Were seen as very low and treated that way
Suttee: in some places in India women were required to burn herself alive on her husband’s funeral cremation to be with her husband in death
If refused women were seen as prostitutes
Only way to escape this lowly view of women was to join a religious community, be a courtesan, or be in a wealthy family
550 CE Gupta empire falls to the Huns

17. III. Southeast Asia, CE
A. Geography, Resources, and Early Civilization
3 geographical zones: Indochina mainland, Malay peninsula, and this islands
Slash and burn farming technology
Crops: rice, soybeans, sugar cane
Domesticated chickens and pigs