1. Adrianne, Carina, Liz FOSSIL FUELS

2. Oil Coal Natural gases WHAT IS A FOSSIL FUEL?

3. Coal – made from dead plant matter in swamps that was compressed over geological time scale. Oil – same as coal except with microscopic marine life under the sea. Natural Gas – occurred in underground pockets and is a by- product of oil production and can be derived from coal as well. ORIGINS

4. Industrial Revolution- The Spinning Jenny Steam Engine Iron Smelting Industries HISTORY

5. Industry developed near existing deposits of fossil fuels. Once factories were established people migrated into the cities. Infrastructure was created to allow fossil fuels to be transported easily. GEOGRAPHY

6. The amount of energy released per mass of fossil fuel Units: MJkg -1 Crude Oil: 42 Coal: 22-33 Gas: 54 ENERGY DENSITY

7. Very high energy density Fossil Fuels are relatively easy to transport Cheap when compared to other sources of energy Can be built easily if there transportation links and water availability. Can be used in the home. ADVANTAGES

8. Combustion Pollution (acid rain) Combustion products contain greenhouse gases Getting fossil fuels damages environment Nonrenewable Coal-fired power stations need large amounts of fuel. DISADVANTAGES

9. ENERGY TRANSFORMATION Solar energy Chemical energy in plants Chemical energy in fossil fuels Thermal energy Kinetic energy of steam Kinetic energy of turbines Electrical energy

10. A steam engine with a power of 6000 horsepower travelling for 5 hours at full speed. ( 1 h.p =.75 kW) Power of engine =.75 x 6000= 4500 kW The engine will use 4500 kJ each second. Energy used in 5 hours = 5 x 60 x 60 x 4500 x 10 EXAMPLE

11. Coal-fired power station = 35 - 42% Natural gas-fired power station = 45 - 52% Oil-fired power station = 38 - 45% EFFICIENCY

12. Example A coal- fired station gives out 1000MW of power. a)How many Joules will be produced in one day? b)If efficiency is 40% how much energy goes in? c)the energy density of coal is 32.5 MJ/kg. How many kg are used? d)How many rail way trucks containing 100 tons each are delivered per day?

13. Oil spills Pollution Greenhouse Effect Acid Rain Mining destroys large areas of the landscape. ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS