1. 31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness Sponge- Pg 44 1. Hypothesize what you think the white blood cell is doing in this picture. 2. Hypothesize why you do not get sick EVERYTIME disease causing germs invade your body. White blood cell E. Coli (bacteria)

2. 31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness Sponge 1. Hypothesize what you think the white blood cell is doing in this picture? The white blood cell is attacking the invader 2. Hypothesize why you not get sick EVERYTIME disease causing germs invade your body? The white blood cells attack and destroy invaders before you get ill. They protect you. White blood cell E. Coli

3. 31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 45 Topic: 31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness Essential Question(s): 1.On pg. 44 please create a double-bubble map, comparing and contrasting viruses and bacteria using the book, notes, and videos, and REAL LIFE examples of each. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness

4. KEY CONCEPT Germs cause many diseases in humans.

5. 31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness Diseases caused by germs, such as the E. Coli bacteria can be fatal (death) 1330-1352, the bacteria that caused the “Black Death” or the Plague originated from fleas on rats –Killed approx. 100-200 MILLION people –New diseases -HIV -SARS -Avian Flu (bird flu) -Swine Flu

6. 31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness Germ theory proposed that microorganisms cause diseases. –led to rapid advances in understanding disease –Can be infectious (polio, flu), caused by germs –or noninfectious (cancer, heart disease), caused by genes or lifestyle

7. 31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness Disease-causing agents are called pathogens. What would happen if pathogens were eliminated? –We wouldn’t get sick

8. 31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness There are different types of pathogens. Bacteria are single-celled organisms. –cause illness by destroying cells –release toxic chemicals –Can be treated/killed with antibiotics or antiseptics –Exs: – E. Coli –Salmonella –“Food Poisoning”

9. 31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness Viruses are disease-causing strands of DNA or RNA that are surrounded by a protein coat. –Take over a healthy (host) cell –Forces cells to produce more of the virus –Smaller than bacteria –Can be prevented with vaccines –Exs: –HIV –In flu enza –Herpes – *Common Cold –AIDS

10. 31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness Fungi can be multicellular or single-celled. –take nutrients from host’s cells –occur in warm and damp places Ex: Athlete’s foot, yeast, mold

11. 31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness Protozoa are single-celled organisms –Prey on other cells –use host cells to complete their life cycles –take nutrients from host cell –Ex: Malaria, dysentery

12. 31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness Parasites are multicellular organisms. –grow and feed on a host –possibly kill the host Ex: Heart worm Round worm Elephantiasis- mosquitos

13. 31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness Vectors any person or animal that carries and transmits a pathogen to another living organism. Direct contact requires touching an infected individual. Includes: –kissing –sexual intercourse –hand shaking –bite tick Ex: Lime Disease- ticks Malaria- mosquito West Nile Virus- mosquito Rabies- rabid animal HIV- infected person

14. 31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness Pathogens can enter the body in different ways. Direct contact require an infected person or animal to physically touch a healthy person Ex: Rabies, HIV Indirect contact does not require touching an infected individual. Ex: SARS, TB

15. 31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness Different pathogens cause common infectious diseases.

16. 31.2 Immune System Classwork/Homework On pg 44 please draw a double- bubble map comparing and contrasting bacteria and viruses (pg. 942 & notes & Videos)

17. 31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness Viruses vs. Bacteria Videos Viruses How Viruses Work The Influenza Pandemic of 1918 Bacteria Beneficial Bacteria Harmful Bacteria Add notes on the videos to your Double-Bubble Map Focus: How viruses use our cells against us Beneficial bacteria vs. Harmful bacteria

18. 31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness Beneficial Bacteria Decomposers –Break down dead material Soil –Makes it fertile so plants can grow Intestines –Aids in digestion –Produces vitamins Food –Cheese, sour cream, yogurt Medicine - –help fight diseases Sewage Treatment Oil spills Harmful Bacteria Take over ponds, etc. –Kills existing life Food –Grows on food (spoils) Mouth –Feed on food in between teeth -Must brush and floss Infect –Open sores Difficult to kill –May have a slippery outer capsule

19. 31.2 Immune System Single- celled Release toxic chemicals Larger than viruses E. Coli Pathogens microscopic Infectious Have a protein coat Force cells to produce more virus Smaller than Bacteria HIV Common cold Flu BacteriaViruses