1. Cells

2. Discovery of Cells
1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope

3. In 1673, van Leeuwenhoek saw unicellular organisms in pond scum
First to see bacteria and yeast

4. Schwann makes same claim for animals Wrote first Cell Theory:
Two centuries pass; Schleiden (1838) proposes all plants are made of cells
Schwann makes same claim for animals
Wrote first Cell Theory:
1. All organisms are made of one or more cells.
2. Cell is basic unit of life.
All plants are made of cells!
Wow! So are all animals! Let’s make up a “cell theory”!

5. Who wrote the first two parts of the cell theory?
A. Hooke
B. van Leeuwenhoek
C. Schleiden
D. Schwann
E. Both C and D

6. All cells come from other cells!!
20 years later, Virchow saw that all cells come from other cells
Added 3rd part of cell theory:
3. All cells come from existing cells.
All cells come from other cells!!

7. All cells have… Lots of different kinds of cells, but all have:
Cell Membrane
DNA
Cytoplasm
Organelles
Small Size

8. Which of the following is NOT something that ALL cells have in common?
A. Cell Membrane
B. DNA
C. Chloroplasts
D. Cytoplasm
E. Organelles
F. Small Size

9. Cell Membrane Also called plasma membrane Surrounds all cells
Has holes to allow things in and out

10. Which of the following is NOT true of the cell membrane?
a. Also called plasma membrane
b. Surrounds all cells
c. Only found in animal cells
d. Has holes to allow things in and out

11. DNA Hereditary material Controls all of the cell’s activities
Has info needed to make new cells

12. Which of the following is NOT true of DNA?
a. It is the hereditary material
b. It makes fats for the cell
c. It controls all of the cell’s activities
d. It has the info needed to make new cells

13. Cytoplasm
Fluid that fills the cell

14. Organelles
Structures inside that perform special jobs for the cell (example: ribosomes=make protein, etc.)

15. Small Size Almost all require use of microscope
Large organisms have more cells, not bigger ones!!

16. Two types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Bacteria! No nucleus
Organelles are not covered with a membrane
DNA is a circle
Eukaryotic
All other cells
Has a nucleus
Organelles are covered with a membrane (skin)
DNA is linear (in a line)

17. Identify which cell is prokaryotic.
A B

18. Eukaryotic Cells

19. Eukaryotic Cells
Very complex! Inside parts (organelles) are difficult to see

20. Cell Membrane Double layer
Has pores (holes) which allow things in and out
Selectively permeable = “choosy” about what enters and leaves the cell.

21. Cell Wall Plants, algae and fungi only Made of cellulose
Strength and support

22. Which of the following is NOT true of cell walls?
A. Plant cells and fungi cells have them.
B. Animal cells have them.
C. They are made of cellulose.
D. They provide strength and support for the cell.

23. Nucleus Nucleus means “kernel” or “nut”
Membrane covered, with holes so things can pass through
Control center: stores DNA (instructions for making protein and reproduction)

24. Ribosomes Cells are made of proteins.
Amino acids link together to make proteins at ribosomes
= Protein

25. Endoplasmic reticulum
Also called ER
Makes lipids (fats)
Breaks down drugs and other dangerous chemicals
Also delivery system of cell
Rough and Smooth

26. Which of the following is not true of endoplasmic reticulum?
A. Also called ER
B. Makes lipids (fats)
C. Breaks down drugs and other dangerous chemicals
D. Delivery system of cell
E. Comes in only one type: rough ER

27. ADENOSINE TRI-PHOSPHATE
Mitochondria
Cells need energy. Where do they get it?
Food is broken down for energy at the mitochondria
Needs oxygen to function
ATP
ADENOSINE TRI-PHOSPHATE

28. Chloroplasts In plants and algae
Organelle which converts light energy, water, and carbon dioxide into sugar (FOOD!)
Contain chlorophyll, the pigment that does this

29. Golgi Complex Packages and ships materials out of the cell
Looks like ER, but closer to cell membrane
Little pieces can pinch off and leave the cell

30. Lysosomes
Filled with enzymes (chemicals which sometimes break things down)
Destroy waste and old cell parts, as well as invaders

31. Storage Centers
Vesicles: membrane covered “bubbles” that form when part of the cell membrane surrounds something and pinches off
Vacuoles: huge storage areas for water and other liquids, especially in plants

32. The Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is similar to the skeletons in animals.
They provide strength and structure.
They help hold organelles in place.
They can also help move things around inside a cell.

33. Answer the following questions. Restart the PowerPoint to find them
Answer the following questions. Restart the PowerPoint to find them. DON’T GUESS!
(True or False) Elephants have bigger cells than mice do. ___________
(True or False) To be selectively permeable means that you are not “choosy” about what materials you allow to enter and leave the cell. ___________
(True or False) Lysosomes digest waste and invaders through the use of enzymes (special chemicals). __________

34. (True or False) Oxygen is not needed when energy is made at the mitochondria. ______
(True or False) Amino acids are chemicals which link together to make carbohydrates. _______
(True or False) Proteins are assembled at ribosomes. __________
(True or False) There are three main types of cells: prokaryotic, eukaryotic, and protokaryotic. ________
(True or False) The Golgi Complex is similar to a post office; it packages materials for shipment out of the cell. ___________

35. Which of the following is NOT true of chloroplasts?
A. Found in plants and algae.
B. Changes sunlight and water into food.
C. Found in some animal cells
D. Contain the pigment chlorophyll.

36. Which of the following is not true of the nucleus?
A. Its name means “kernel” or “nut”.
B. It has holes in it.
C. It is only found in plant cells.
D. It is the control center of the cell, containing the DNA.