1. Early Colonies
EQ: What factors influenced the start and development of the early colonies?

2. Native American Life at the Time of Contact with Europeans
There were over 30 different tribes in North Carolina at the time Europeans came
They varied in size from tribes of only a few villages to tribes of thousands

5. The Algonquin Culture Lived along coastal North Carolina
Tribes were held together by a common language
Largest tribes = Pasquotank and Waccamaw

6. Algonquin Culture Location allowed for abundant fishing
Ate fruits, melons, walnuts, cucumbers, peas, and roots

8. Tuscarora Dominated the coastal plain region
The group had about 15 villages with 300 to 500 people in each village
Related to the Iroquois Nation of New York

10. Catawba Lived along the Catawba river in a group of towns
They were distinguished by their burnt black pottery

11. The Cherokee
The Cherokee controlled 40,000 sq. mi. of territory – including parts of Tennessee, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia and Alabama
One of the largest tribes in the US (approx. 30,000 members)

14. Tribal Organization Communities were led by Chiefs
Chiefs controlled several towns (chiefdom)
Tribal Councils – advised the chief
Chiefs served as political, spiritual and military leaders, also distributed food

15. Belief System No one unified Native American spiritual belief system
Great respect for nature
Common legends and folklore to explain natural events

16. Sir Walter Raleigh & the Roanoke Colony
English aristocrat and explorer
Funded his own voyages
Supported by Queen Elizabeth I
Landed at Roanoke Island
Made connections with local Native Americans
Decided to bring settlers back

17. Jamestown and Roanoke colonies

18. Roanoke Voyages

19. Roanoke Colony, cont.
1585 – 108 soldiers come to Roanoke to establish first colony
1586 – Colonists and Native Americans at “war,” and colony is abandoned
1587 – Second settlement attempted
117 colonists come to Roanoke
Governor John White

20. Roanoke, cont. 1587 – John White returns to England to get supplies
1590 – White returns to Roanoke, but finds the colony has disappeared

21. 1st Permanent English Colony
After the Roanoke Colony failure, the English established their permanent colony at Jamestown in VA
Colony became wealthy due to the sale of tobacco

22. Jamestown

23. The “Jamestown” Colony
1606
Virginia
House of Burgesses – 1st Representative Democracy in New World
1st Permanent English Colony

25. Jamestown Timeline http://www.virtualjamestown.org/timeline2.html
King James I issues a charter to the Virginia Company for land on the mid-Atlantic Coast
May 13: 104 male settlers arrive at Jamestown, the first permanent England settlement in the New World
May 26: Indian attacks
December 10: Capt. John Smith is captured
December 29: John Smith is saved by Pocahontas before Powhatan

26. Jamestown Timeline http://www.virtualjamestown.org/timeline2.html
500 more settlers come to Virginia
Relations with Native Americans grow tense
September-May: The “Starving Time” reduces population to 60 (from )
3.1608
Settlers at Jamestown die in great numbers (38 of 104 remain)

27. Jamestown Timeline http://www.virtualjamestown.org/timeline2.html
The “Great Migration” increases Jamestown’s population from 400 to 4,500
6.1612
John Rolfe tries a crop of tobacco to help save the Jamestown settlement
John Rolfe marries Pocahontas

28. Jamestown Timeline http://www.virtualjamestown.org/timeline2.html
VA House of Burgesses meets for the first time

29. Consequences of Jamestown’s Success

30. While VA grows (NC history to be continued)…
A new colony to the north will start as well… Plymouth! But why?

31. Religion in the Colonies
What is religion?
Why does religion exist?
Where have we seen religion in the colonies so far?

32. The Anglican Church “Church of England”
Split from Catholic Church as part of the Protestant Reformation
Henry VIII - Divorce

33. Church of England Hierarchy

34. Puritans & Pilgrims Desired reforms in the Church of England
Settled in Massachusetts Bay
Pilgrims desired a split from the Church of England
Very devout

35. Quakers Society of Friends George Fox – founder
Established numerous congregations
1672 – Fox made a pilgrimage to “the north of Carolina”
Shocked by violence of Puritans and Pilgrims
Salem Witch Trials
Dominated early Carolina

36. Moravians Originated in Czech Republic
Started as an objection to the Catholic Church
Pacifists – Came to escape war and religious repression
Settled in Winston-Salem
Named the land Wachovia

37. Moravians – Bethabara, Bethania & Old Salem

38. Catholics in English Colonies
Fled England due to discrimination of Anglicans
Settle in Maryland
Catholics will be the most hated religious group in the 13 colonies until well after the American Revolution. (tell GA story, Mr. Arzillo)

39. Religious Freedom Roger Williams
Broke away from Plymouth (for his “dangerous “ ideas, forms Rhode Island Colony
Desired “separation of church and state”
May have been 1st abolitionist in English colonies… forbade any type of slavery and was friendly to natives.

40. Plymouth Colony
Puritans
1620
Massachusetts
Mayflower Compact – direct democracy, social contract

41. Mayflower Compact, 1620
In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord, King James, by the Grace of God, of England, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, e&. Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia; do by these presents, solemnly and mutually in the Presence of God and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid; And by Virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions and Offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the General good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In Witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape Cod the eleventh of November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord, King James of England, France and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Anno Domini, 1620

42. Salem Witch Trials

43. What is a colony? Land Usually has a desired resource
Ruled by a country in another location

44. Mercantilism and the Triangle Trade

45. What was the purpose of mercantilism?
System used by nations to ensure wealth
Examples:
Triangle Trade
Navigation Acts
Stamp Act
Townshend Acts (Lead, Glass, Tea, Paint)
Tea Act
Molasses Act
Sugar Act

46. Mercantilism
Mercantilism is economic nationalism for the purpose of building a wealthy and powerful state.
Seeks to enrich the country by restraining imports and encouraging exports.
Dominated Western European economic thought and policies from the sixteenth to the late eighteenth centuries.
The goal of these policies was, supposedly, to achieve a “favorable” balance of trade that would bring gold and silver into the country and also to maintain domestic employment.
the mercantile system served the interests of merchants and producers such as the British East India Company, whose activities were protected or encouraged by the state.

47. Organization of Colonial Governments
1. Joint Stock Company – self governing colony – operated under shared ownership (like a company)
Jamestown (invest capital, enjoy returns)
2. Proprietary Colony – owned by wealthy landlords (PA, MD, DE) and nobles, recognized by king
3. Royal Colony – royal governor appointed by king with elected representative assembly
NY, NC

48. Why did people risk leaving their homeland to come to North America?
Economic Opportunity
Cash Crops (sugar, indigo, tobacco, cotton)
Indentured Servants (poor English peasants)
Forced
African Slaves
Plantation System (large farm system)
Middle Passage (slave route to Americas)
Religious Freedom

49. Charter Document granted from English king, granting sovereignty
Questions:
What is sovereignty?
What powers are gained through a charter?
Why were charters necessary?

50. King Charles I
Colonies of Maryland, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts created under his rule
Granted charters to colonize lands south of Virginia, named for himself – Carolina
The Carolina charter, known as the “Heath Patent” granted to Sir Robert Heath

51. King Charles II
Due to lack of population, Charles II sold Heath Patent to the “8 Lord Proprietors”
Proprietor = owner
Promoted populating the colony through profit incentive

52. The 13 Colonies What do they have in common? Self Government
Legislatures w/elected members
Governor (elected or appointed by king)
Salutary neglect- King not enforcing strict laws