1. CD10: Chapter 2 Developmental Processes and Factors Affecting Development

2. Chapter Goals Summarize the processes of typical development List factors affecting development

3. Chapter Agenda Typical development principles Basic principles of development Basic processes of development Basic stages of development Factors affecting development Maternal age and nutrition Exposure to toxins Prenatal substance abuse Maternal illness, infection Chromosomal and blood differences Premature birth Child abuse and neglect

4. Basic Principles (pgs 41-43) Development: changes in physical growth, and learning new skills – occurs in stages Maturation: different ranges of change in characteristics and behavior Children develop at different rates, but there are typical (normal) ranges we expect. Children whose development falls outside these ranges are red flags for parents, teachers and physicians

5. Basic Processes (pg 43-44) Heredity and the Environment (Nature and Nurture) Pg 79: “The development of an individual from conception through childhood is a complex unfolding that is influenced by the processes of heredity and environment. … children inherit many characteristics from their parents. The environment also shapes the way children behave, how and what they learn, and their rate of development.” Interaction between heredity and environment accounts for the many elements of development

6. Basic Stages Conception Prenatal development Birth Neonate (birth – 1 month) Infancy Toddlers Preschool School-age Adolescence Early adulthood (18 - 30 years) Middle adulthood (30 - 60 years) Older adulthood (60 years - death)

7. Small Group Activity 1)Overview of factors and how to access the links 2)With your group, select one factor affecting development. 3)Using the chapter slides, click on the links to these websites and resources. 4)Prepare a summary to give the class: a) 5 interesting facts about the factor b) Development problems caused by the factor c) Questions you have about the factor

8. Factors Affecting Development Maternal age and nutrition affect the mother’s ability to provide proper nutrients and environment for optimal development Gestational diabetes Toxins cross the placenta and cause cells to develop differently than normal Alcohol (FAS) Tobacco Cocaine and Heroin

9. Factors Affecting Development Maternal illness Chromosomal differences Downs Syndrome Fragile X Syndrome Sickle Cell Anemia (1) Sickle Cell Anemia (2) Premature birth Maternal abuse