1. DIVISION OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES NCSR “DEMOKRITOS” Innovative hybrid desalination unit for potable water production with simultaneous removal of harmful substances. Scientific Coordinator : Dr. - Ing. C. Makropoulos

2. DIVISION OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES NCSR “DEMOKRITOS” The Problem and Solution Brackishness of underground waters especially in insular areas Contamination of water with nitrates, pesticides and heavy metals Shortness of potable water resources Development of an innovative hybrid system for desalination and removal of harmful substances High quality potable water production without any further chemical treatment Use of renewable energy sources for better efficiency

3. DIVISION OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES NCSR “DEMOKRITOS”

4. DIVISION OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES NCSR “DEMOKRITOS”

5. DIVISION OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES NCSR “DEMOKRITOS” Reverse Osmosis method Reverse osmosis is considered as one of the most effective and financial feasible methods for the desalination of waters containing high Na + and Cl - concentrations, like sea and brackish water. Usual pretreatment of RO feed water includes: Chlorination for microorganism’s disinfection pH regulation for the prevention of Calcium Carbonate scaling Adding of antiscallant substances for the prevention of insoluble Calcium and Barium salts precipitation Dechlorination (using NaHSO 3 ) for protection of membranes from the free Chlorine Adding of poly- electrolyte for colloids precipitation

6. DIVISION OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES NCSR “DEMOKRITOS” B001..Antiscaling Dosing B112..Cleaner A FM260.. RO membranes B194..CaCO 3 B101..Acid Dosing B113..Cleaner C B192..Permeate B122..Brackish Tank B111..Cleaning 1st/2 nd B671..Conc.Batch B100.. NaOCl B121..NaHSO 3 FS131..Sand Filter FC141..Cartridge Filter FLOW SHEET OF CONVENTIONAL R.O. FC 141 FS 131 B 100 B 122 Brackish Water B 101 B 194 B 001B 121 B 671 B 112 B 113 B 111 B 192 Permeate FM 260 DT Concentrate

7. DIVISION OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES NCSR “DEMOKRITOS” HYBRID DESSALINATION UNIT Simplified Flow Sheet Rock Filter Concentrate Feed (Brackish Water) Sand Filter NF 1 st Stage RO 2 nd Stage Activated carbon Potable Water

8. DIVISION OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES NCSR “DEMOKRITOS” B112..Cleaner A FM260.. RO membranes B113..Cleaner C B192..Permeate B122..Brackish Tank B111..Cleaning 1st/2 nd B671..Conc.Batch FS131..Sand Filter FC141..Cartridge Filter Hybrid Desalination Unit Flow Sheet B 671 Concentrate First Stage NF FS 131 FC 141 B 112 B 113 B 111 Permeate FM 260 SW Second Stage RO FM 260 SW FM 160 DTF FM 160 DTF B122 Br. water B 192

9. DIVISION OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES NCSR “DEMOKRITOS”

10. DIVISION OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES NCSR “DEMOKRITOS” Membrane Surface : 7,7 m²/ 9,7 m² Module Diameter : 8” Module Length :1,2 m/ 1,43 m Max. oper. Pressure : 62 bar Max. oper. Temp. : 40°C pH Range : 3-11 Ion Rejection : >99% Test Conditions: 60 bar, NaCl Solution (32 g/l), T= 25°C, pH =7, Water Recovery Ratio<25%, Feed Flow 1200 l/h Minimization of membrane scaling and fouling. Long membrane life. Lower membrane replacement costs. Easy access to all membranes films. Less or no chemical pretreatment of the feed water (up to 15%/min SDI) Better membrane cleaning Higher efficiency with lower pressure drop due to the advanced flow pattern

11. DIVISION OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES NCSR “DEMOKRITOS” DT MODULE

12. DIVISION OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES NCSR “DEMOKRITOS” Chemical Analysis Results FeedProduct Water LimitsMineral Bottled waters Conductivity (μs/cm) 36300540-390-700 Ca 2+ (ppm)4604510011 – 100 Mg 2+ (ppm)83025501 – 72 Cl - (ppm)1600022025012 – 180 Να + (ppm)9200982003 – 120 K + (ppm)2672.8120.8 – 3 ΝΟ 3 - (ppm)3006503 – 10 Atrazine (ppm) 8.350.010.1-

13. DIVISION OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES NCSR “DEMOKRITOS” DIAGRAMS I

14. DIVISION OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES NCSR “DEMOKRITOS” DIAGRAMS II

15. DIVISION OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES NCSR “DEMOKRITOS” Photovoltaic Cells Wind Turbine Generators Solar Collectors

16. DIVISION OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES NCSR “DEMOKRITOS” Financial Data I Unit Capital Expenses 200 m 3 /d 350.000 € Water Production Cost0.8-1.5 €/ m 3 max Water buying & transport Exp. 3.0 €/ m 3 Annual Profit158500 -108000 € Payback Period ~2.2 – 3.2 years

17. DIVISION OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES NCSR “DEMOKRITOS” Financial Data II Unit Capital Expenses 500 m 3 /d 1.000.000 € Water Production Cost0.8-1.5 €/ m 3 max Water buying & transport Exp. 3.0 €/ m 3 Annual Profit 396000 - 270000 € Payback Period ~2,5 – 3,7 years

18. DIVISION OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES NCSR “DEMOKRITOS” Final Configuration of NF-RO System 11.6 m

19. DIVISION OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES NCSR “DEMOKRITOS” 2.27 m 2.5 m

20. DIVISION OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES NCSR “DEMOKRITOS”

21. DIVISION OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES NCSR “DEMOKRITOS”

22. DIVISION OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES NCSR “DEMOKRITOS” Key Competitive Advantages I Desalination and removal of harmful substances (nitrates, pesticides, heavy metals, etc) in one pass, Production of potable water without any further chemical treatment that misquotes its quality, Reduce in the energy consumption up to 15%, Up to 35% increase in the water production, retention rate of ions and other harmful substances that exceeds 97% - with the retention of nitrates exceeding 99,5% Further decrease in the energy cost and higher System performance by using solar energy or other mild or renewable energy resources,

23. DIVISION OF APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES NCSR “DEMOKRITOS” Key Competitive Advantages II Use of DT modules with high tolerance in relation with the feed water specifications Flexibility in the use of the unit as Hybrid or as RO Higher operational life of membranes Use of natural rocks bed in order to enrich the desalinated water with the necessary trace elements, Tele-monitoring System to ensure the reliable operation of the System.