1. ALCOHOL The substance Its production Its trade

2. ETHYL ALCOHOL, or ETHANOL, is a LIQUID, WATERWHITE SUBSTANCE
It is obtained through FERMENTATION of SOME BASIC SUGAR or STARCH and is concentrated through DISTILLATION

3. FERMENTATION
Chemical process involving organic substances (fruits, cereals, patatoes ecc.) which are induced to ferment by mould, bacteria, yeast
When you press the grapes, the sugar contained in the MUST is decomposed by MICRO-ORGANISMS (Saccaromycetes) and is TRANSFORMED in ALCOHOL, CARBON DIOXIDE and HEAT

4. DISTILLATION
The alcoholic solution is heated to EVAPORATION temperature (72° Celsius or 161° Fah.)
After STEAM has cooled down, the LIQUID SUBSTANCE obtained is made of ANHYDROUS ALCOHOL
(ALCOHOL 95%, WATER 5%)

5. ETHYL ALCOHOL CONTENT
in the Alcohol Beverages
(from FERMENTATION)
WINE
9 - 18%
BEER
3 - 9%

6. from DISTILLATION In Alcohol Beverages APERITIFS, BITTERS 15 - 25%
Depero 1930
APERITIFS,
BITTERS %
LIQUORS %
BRANDY,
WHISKY, ... %

7. ITALY is at the forefront in the WORLD per-capita alcohol consumption
ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION + PRODUCTION
ITALY is at the forefront in the WORLD per-capita alcohol consumption
is among the largest PRODUCERS of WINE and SPIRITS in the WORLD
ITALY

8. REPRESENT a SIGNIFICANT PERCENTAGE of GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCTION and TRADE of ALCOHOL PRODUCTS
Neapolitan Coach
REPRESENT a SIGNIFICANT PERCENTAGE of GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT

9. EFFECTS of ALCOHOL on the BODY

10. ABSORPTION + DISTRIBUTION
ALCOHOL transits quickly ( minutes) from STOMACH and early PART of INTESTINE to BLOOD and REACHES through the PORTAL VEIN
the LIVER

11. DISPOSAL
10% is eliminated DIRECTLY through BREATH, PERSPIRATION, URINE, and MATERNAL MILK
90% is eliminated through the LIVER METABOLISM

12. ALCOHOL METABOLISM
LIVER transforms 90% of all intaken ALCOHOL, through the action of ENZYMES, whose quantity INCREASES in case of chronic alcohol consumption
TRANSAMINASI Aspartato - aminotransferasi (AST) valori: per gli uomini fra 10 e 45 U/l, per le donne fra 5 e 31 U/l Alanina - aminotransferasi (ALT) valori: per gli uomini fra 10 e 43 U/l, per le donne fra 5 e 36 U/l Gamma GT (Gamma - glutamiltranspeptidasi) valori: per gli uomini fra 1 e 30 U/l, per le donne fra 1 e 20 U/l

13. In the LIVER ALCOHOL PRODUCES
- NOXIOUS SUBSTANCES (acetaldeide, acetic acid etc.) ACCUMULATION of FATS in the liver (STEATOSIS) ACCUMULATION of ACID COMPOUNDS (lactic acid and others) CALORIES with increase of fats in the tissues and possible OBESITY, substitution of very useful calories from food with useless calories from alcohol SENSE of BEING FULL, which induces to DISREGARD feeding with consequential LACK of VITAMINES and other NOURISHING SUBSTANCES - EXHAUSTION of body’s supply of SUGAR LESS EFFICIENT ELIMINATION of URIC ACID (gout)

14. ALCOHOL can HARM the whole BODY
It is NOT a NUTRIMENT
Amanita Muscaria: good, but poisonous

15. ALCOHOL and WOMEN:
WOMAN is biologically more SENSITIVE than MAN to the effects of ALCOHOL, because she has a REDUCED CAPACITY to METABOLIZE ETHANOL, having less production of ALCOHOL – DEHYDROGENASE ENZYME (ADH) LIVER HARM is more SERIOUS and it takes place more QUICKLY than the MEN, because ALCOHOL goes from STOMACH to LIVER more DIRECTLY

16. ALCOHOL and WOMEN:
Given the same quantity of ALCOHOL, a WOMAN gets DRUNK MORE EASILY than men. Consequently she has less CAPACITY to CONTROL her BEHAVIOUR, she is more subject to be VICTIM of ACCIDENTS or VIOLENCE

17. ALCOHOL
DAMAGES and EFFECTS
William Hogarth - Gin Lane 1751

18. PHYSICAL EFFECTS and HARM
ACUTE
- INCIDENTS and INJURIES CONSEQUENCES of riots PANCREATITES, heart ATTACK
CHRONIC
BRAIN DAMAGES PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHITIS BLOOD HYPERTENSION HEART DESEASES CANCER (MOUTH, THROAT, OESOPHAGUS, STOMACH) - LIVER CIRRHOSIS, LIVER CANCER - CHRONIC PANCREATITES ENDOCRINE and IMMUNIZATION failures

19. NERVOUS SYSTEM - CRANIAL INJURIES with POSSIBLE BRAIN HEMATOMA
- BRAIN ATROPHY the BRAIN volume is reduced, MEMORY and INTELLECTUAL CAPACITY are PROGRESSIVELY reduced (alcohol dementia)
- SEIZURES with loss of CONSCIENCE, INCONTINENCE, DISORIENTATION
- ALCOHOL POLINEURYTES with TINGLING, NIGHT PAIN, CRAMPS

20. HEART and BLOOD VESSELS
- INFARCTION BLOOD HYPERTENSION ALCOHOL MIOCARDIOPATITYS - CORONARY DESEASE ANAEMIA with FEW, VERY LARGE RED CORPUSCLES, due to lack of VITAMINE B12

21. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM MOUTH: CANCER
AESOPHAGUS: AESOPHAGITIS VARICES CANCER
INTESTINE: SLOW ABSORPTION - DIARRHOEA
STOMACH: GASTRITIS ULCERA CANCER

22. PANCREAS LIVER - ACUTE PANCREATITIS - CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
stomaco
PANCREAS
cistifellea
- ACUTE PANCREATITIS CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
dotto biliare
dotto pancreatico
LIVER
duodeno
PANCREAS
- STEATOSIS (accumulation of fat in the liver) ACUTE HEPATITIS CHRONIC HEPATITIS - CIRRHOSIS CANCER

23. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
- REDUCED FERTILITY DECREASE of SEXUAL DESIRE HORMONE DEFICIENCY with man looking increasingly FEMININE (loss of hairs, increase of breast etc.)

24. ALCOHOL and PREGNANCY INCREASED RISK of: PHOETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME
- ABORTION SLOW GROWTH of PHOETUS - PREMATURE BIRTH LOWER WEIGHT of NEWBORN
PHOETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME
- BRAIN UNDERDEVELOPMENT MICROCEPHALY SKELETON MALFORMATION

25. ALCOHOL and HIV HIGHER RISK of MISBEHAVIOURS
ALCOHOL WEAKENS the DEFENSE of the MOUTH MUCOUS MEMBRANE (the inner part of the mouth)
After drinking only ONE BEER, in case of ORAL SEX, the RISK of CONTAGION from HIV increases 3 to 6 times

26. SAME HAPPENS for SMOKING
ALCOHOL and LIFE SPAN :
Alcohol consumption provokes toxic effects and chronic damages One century ago in ITALY the average lifespan was about 42 years, currently it is about 80 years Therefore today it is easier to identify the CONSEQUENCES of a PROLONGED USE of ALCOHOL, even in MODERATE QUANTITIES. All the DRINKERS, even the MODERATE ones, have an average LIFE EXPECTANCY lower than the non drinkers.
SAME HAPPENS for SMOKING

27. ETHYL ALCOHOL FORMULA C2H5OH
Ethyl alcohol remains ethyl alcohol wherever we put it, its toxic power does not change.
There is no difference between alcohol contained in the so-called “good wine” and the one contained in cheap wine.
In other words, you cannot claim that there is a “good alcohol” and a bad one.

28. ALCOHOL and MEDICINES
ALCOHOL INTERFERES with a NUMBER of DRUGS by INCREASING or DECREASING their EFFECTS

29. ALCOHOL and MEDICINES
ANSIOLITICS ANTIDEPRESSANTS HYPNOTICS SEDATIVES BARBITURICS ANALGESICS ANTIHISTAMINICS
STRENGTHENS
Note: the EFFECT is DIFFERENT, sometimes even the OPPOSITE, in CASE of ACUTE INTOXICATION or else in case of ALCOHOLISM

30. ALCOHOL and MEDICINES
REDUCES
ANTIEPILEPTICS DIABETES DRUGS HEART DESEASE THERAPY
Note: the EFFECT is DIFFERENT, sometimes even the OPPOSITE, in CASE of ACUTE INTOXICATION or else in case of ALCOHOLISM

31. ALCOHOL and MEDICINES
with: PARACETAMOL (ex. Tachipirina®) ANTIMYCOTICS ANAESTHETICS
TOXIC
Note: the EFFECT is DIFFERENT, sometimes even the OPPOSITE, in CASE of ACUTE INTOXICATION or else in case of ALCOHOLISM

32. SPECIFIC drugs to beat ALCOHOLISM do not exist
DRUGS like:
ANTIDEPRESSANTS (Prozac®, Citalopram etc.)
ANTABUSE®
ALCOVER®
CAN HELP IN THE INITIAL STAGES of ABSTINENCE BUT on their own they are not A SOLUTION UNLESS YOU CHANGE YOUR LIFESTYLE

33. ANTABUSE® (Disulfiram) interferes with the normal alcohol metabolism by the liver.
If a person, during the treatment, takes any quantity of alcohol, heavy symptoms appear in about 10 minutes: - nausea, vomiting
- sense of heat
- tachycardia
- difficult breathing
- hypotension, collapse, sometimes heart failure.
The symptoms persist until alcohol is finally eliminated.
The sickness caused by the reaction Antabuse/Alcohol produces a sense of repugnance for alcohol beverages.
Taking regularly Antabuse®, and attending regularly the CLUB, can allow the chronic alcoholics (not hospitalized) to wean from drinking.

34. ALCOVER® Syrup at 17,5% (HBA) Can help: in controlling the withdrawal syndrome and in the early stages of abstinence from alcohol. - as part of a mixed treatment (medicines, psychological and psychiatric therapy, group therapy etc.) of addiction in the long term treatment of alcohol addiction, when other treatments have failed, and when physiological complications require abstinence from alcohol.
ALCOVER® must be prescribed by the doctor, and must be taken by the patient under the control of a person delegated by the doctor, when the patient is suffering from mental disorders or has reduced capacity to judge and take decisions Alcover® has a low toxicity, but has a proven capacity to generate addiction. Is considered less effective than Antabuse®.
Taking regularly Alcover®, and attending regularly the CLUB, can allow the chronic alcoholics (not hospitalized) to wean from drinking.

35. PSYCHIC EFFECTS and DAMAGES
ACUTE
- SLOWER REACTION TIME ALTERED EMOTIONAL CONTROL SUICIDE
CHRONIC
- DIPENDENCE and ADDICTION DEPRESSION ALTERATION of short-term MEMORY - VISUAL and AUDITIVE ALLUCINATIONS and PERSECUTIONS DEMENTIA DELIRIUM TREMENS

36. PSYCHICAL
DELIRIUM TREMENS: CONFUSION, AGITATION, TREMOR POTATORUM, ALLUCINATIONS
VISUAL ALLUCINATIONS: IMAGES of SMALL ANIMALS (spiders, black beatles, mice, ants …)
AUDITIVE ALLUCINATIONS: PERCEPTION of THREATENING VOICES, INSULTS, PERSECUTIONS
CHRONIC JEALOUSY: AGGRESSIVE ATTITUDE towards the partner and (alleged) rival
MOOD and SLEEP DISTURBANCE

37. GETTING DRUNK: DRINKING ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES in SIGNIFICANT QUANTITY has direct CONSEQUENCES on CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
INITIALLY: EUPHORIA, UNCONSTRAINT, LOSS OF SELF CONTROL
LATER: MELANCHOLY, DEPRESSION, SLEEPINESS - SLEEP
J. De Ribera “Spagnoletto” – Sileno Ebbro

38. BLOOD ALCOHOL CONTENT (B.A.C.):
PERCENTAGE OF ALCOHOL versus BLOOD described as grams of alcohol per litre of blood (g/L)
BREATH ANALYZER: to test alcohol concentration
FROM BREATH

39. B.A.C. from 0,5 to 1 g/l. EUPHORIA UNCONSTRAINT LESS ATTENTION
UNCERTAIN MOVEMENTS
SLOWER RFEACTION TIME
OVERESTIMATION of ONE’S CAPABILITY
Note: 0,5 g/L is the current B.A.C. limit to DRIVE in ITALY

40. ACCELERATED HEART BEAT
B.A.C. at 1,5 gr/l.
INEBRIATION
RED FACE
ACCELERATED BREATHING
ACCELERATED HEART BEAT
TALKATIVENESS, CONFUSION
EMOTIONAL INSTABILITY

41. B.A.C. at 2 gr./l. DRUNKNESS (BOTHERSOME) INCOHERENT LACK OF CONTROL
UNCO-ORDINATED MOVEMENTS
LESS SENSITIVE to PAIN, HEAT, COLD

42. B.A.C. at 3 gr./l. SEVERE DRUNKNESS SEEING DOUBLE MENTAL CONFUSION
REACTIONS VERY SLOW
MOVEMENTS VERY UNCO-ORDINATED
DEEP SLEEP

43. B.A.C. at 4 gr./l. COMA LONG LASTING LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
LACK OF SENSITIVENESS
LACK OF REACTIONS

44. B.A.C. at 5 gr./l.
BREATH PARALYSIS
RISK OF DEATH