1. Bell Ringer 9/11 Fold your timeline and place it into the “IN” folder Remember: Quiz and foldable due tomorrow! Take out your notebook – notes today!

2. How observant are you? Honors Forensic Science T. Trimpe 2006 http://sciencespot.net/

3. Which is the correct penny? NOTE: You cannot look at a real penny! 12345 678910 1112131415

4. 12345 678910 1112131415

5. Overview Definition of Forensic Science  Scope History and Development of Forensics Organization of a Crime Laboratory Functions of the Forensic Scientist  Analysis of Physical Evidence  Provision of Expert Testimony  Furnishing Training Scientific Admissibility

6. Definition and Scope of Forensic Science Forensic science is the application of science to those criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system.

7. History Alphonse Bertillon (1853-1914)  First scientific system of personal identification  Developed the science of anthropometry, a systematic procedure of taking a series of body measurements as a means of distinguishing one individual from another

8. Bertillon Measurements Why isn’t anthropometry used today? What has it been replaced by?

9. History, Con ’ t Edmond Locard (1877 -1966)  Locard’s Exchange Principle –the exchange of materials between two objects that occurs whenever two objects come in contact with one another. A cross-transfer of evidence occurs.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j QRiKvg6Ez8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j QRiKvg6Ez8

10. History of crime labs in the US Oldest crime lab is that of the LAPD, created in 1923 In 1932 the Federal Bureau of Investigation organized a national lab that offered forensic services to all law enforcement agencies FBI is now the world’s largest crime lab

11. Organization of Crime Labs General Organization  No nationally organized system— crime labs mirror the fragmented law enforcement structure that that exists on national, state, and local levels National Level  4 major federal crime labs, FBI, DEA, ATF,U.S. Postal Inspection Service

12. Organization, Con ’ t FBI – Federal Bureau of Investigation –Department of Justice  Largest crime lab in the world  Broad investigative powers DEA - Drug Enforcement Agency  Department of Justice  Responsible for the analysis of drugs seized in violation of laws regulating the production, sale, and transportation of drugs

13. Organization, Con ’ t ATF (Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives) –Department of Justice  Responsible for the analysis of alcoholic beverages, weapons, and explosives in conjunction with the Gun Control Act and Organized Crime Control U.S. Postal Inspection Service –Falls under the jurisdiction of the United States Postal Service –Responsible for crimes dealing with the USPS

14. Organization, Con ’ t State Level  Most state governments maintain a lab to service state and local law enforcement  Some larger cities maintain their own crime lab, usually under the direction of local police dept.

15. Organization Con ’ t Local Level  Local labs provide services to county and municipal agencies.  Generally, they operate independently of state labs and are financed by local government.

16. The growth of crime labs Supreme Court decisions in the 1960s compelled police to place greater emphasis on securing scientifically evaluated evidence Increase in crime rates – especially drug-related crimes which usually require samples to be tested Advent of DNA profiling

17. Services of the Crime Lab Go to p. 21 in textbook