2. © 2002 Edwin S. Ellis graphicorganizers.com “See”

3. © 2002 Edwin S. Ellis graphicorganizers.com

4. © 2002 Edwin S. Ellis Masterminds Publishing graphicorganizers.com

5. Scientists come from many different backgrounds, but in their work they use many common tools, techniques, and habits of mind. Important characteristics for looking at the world scientifically Main Idea Creative Inventive Questioning Observant Methodical Skeptical 6 Gist TOPIC The Scientific Mind

6. Vary in speed and distance San Francisco, on North Amer. Plate moves southeast about 5 cm. per year If weighted down by continents move only a few millimeters per year Large Plates Movement varies in speed and distance Considered small, the Caribbean and Arabian Plates are fairly large Plates that lack landmasses move as much as several centimeters per year Small Plates Movement of Lithospheric Plates

7. © 2004 Edwin Ellis www.GraphicOrganizers.com Word Banners Term Definition Related Word Term Definition Related Word Term Definition Related Word Term Definition Related Word glacier Billions of tons of snow packed together to form a solid mass of ice Ice bergSnow & ice sediment Rocks, and dirt produced by glacier rubbing against mountains residuedregs moraine Huge piles of rocks the glacier picks up as it slowly flows down a valley residuedregs crevice fracturefissure Giant crack, commonly found on glaciers & the sides of mountains

8. TOPIC Tools used to Study the Earth and Ocean Main Idea Details Measurement Tools Laser range finders, Clinometers, Magneto- meters,& gravimeters Main Idea Details Hand lens or Caliper For close observations or measuring irregular objects Main Idea Details Soil Augers & Drills Help to sample material beneath the ground’s surface Main Idea Details Rock Hammer Often used with a rock chisel to split rocks or crack specimens Main Idea Details Crusher Pulverizes a specimen for chemical analysis Main Idea Details Cloth or Plastic Bags For gathering specimens to take to the labs for further study

10. Dutch drapery-maker Amateur Scientist Ordinary person with a lot of curiosity Anton van Leeuwenhoek PERSON He built one of the first microscopes His creation opened the door to a hidden world never before explored by man Known for Because … His 1676 letter to the Royal Society in London (the leading scientific group of that time) changed forever the way we look at the world Known for Because … Anton van Leeuwenhoek called the microscopic organisms he saw in the drop of water he collected “animalcules” Known for Because … Ways to describe this person Designing a simple microscope Astounding Scientists Animalcules

11. Hot Dog BME Copyright 2003 Edwin Ellis www.GraphicOrganizers.com Steven Jobs introduced the Apple II in 1977 Details This was the first personal computer marketed for home use, and it cost four times more than a personal computer costs today Rapid growth of technology since 1977, and it isn’t likely to slow down Details Since 1977, computers have become part of many aspects of life, and the Internet has experienced explosive growth. Do the Math Details Consider when your parents were born. How old were they when the Apple II was introduced? THINK Learning can be easier when you’re younger, and that is part of the reason adults have difficulty with technological devices. You are young and computer use is second nature to you because you have grown up with technology. THINK How are you going to keep up with each technological breakthrough reported in the media or hyped by the marketplace? Topic Is about … Adults and technology Many adults lack the skills to successfully operate computers and other technology Reality # 1 Reality # 2 Reality # 3

12. TOPIC Computer Explosion Impact began when Steven Jobs introduced the Apple II in 1977 Main Idea Details Young people are often a LOT more knowledgeable about how to use technology than many adults Main Idea Details Used mostly for word processing & simple games Apple = the first personal computer marketed for home use Very few people had one – most not really sure what to do with one besides use it as a type writer Cost four times more than a personal computer costs today You are young and computer use is second nature to you because you have grown up with them. Computers are part of many aspects of life, Computers are increasingly smaller, faster, more powerful Internet has experienced explosive growth. Many use Google as their primary way to find information DO THE MATH How old were your parents when the Apple II was introduced? HINT: When were they born?

13. African American Mathematicians Early 1900’s Frank Albert Cox 90’s Arlie Petlers Katherine Okikiolu Jonathan Farley 80’s William Massey Nathaniel Dean Idris Assani 40’s & 50’s J. Ernest Wilkins Albert T. Bharucha- Reid Early 1900’s Dudley Woodard 80’s & 90’s Carl Graham Adebisi Agboolgs 40’s & 50’s James Ezeilo Evelyn Boyd Granville 60’s & 70’s David Blackwell Clarence Ellis J. Ernest Wilkins Jr.

14. Copyright 2003 Edwin Ellis Graphicorganizers.com As the environment changes, the organism’s ability to adapt can change for the positive or negative. Negative: if an animal has a limited diet; the loss of a food can cause the animal to die out. Positive: if an animal has the ability to consume many foods; one food dies out, the animal continues to survive. Adaptation and Environmental Change Most adaptations are traits or characteristics that offspring inherit from their parents. Some animal behaviors are adaptations that are instinctive, or inborn. Offspring adaptations are determined by genes. Inherited Traits and Survival Plants develop structures to benefit them in harsh environments. Animals develop structures to help them obtain food within their habitat. Animals use camouflage to blend in with the habitat – this is helpful for both predators and prey. Surviving in Different Environments Plants use bright colors or strong scents to attract insects to carry out pollination. Animals provide care for their young to ensure survival. Species produce many offspring to ensure survival. Courtship behavior of animals. Reproductive Adaptations Adaptations An adaptation is a trait that enables an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment.

18. Environmental Influences Biotic (Living) Factors AnimalsPlantsHumans Abiotic (Non-living) Factors ChemicalsLight & Heat Weather

20. Is about … Copyright 2003 Edwin Ellis Graphicorganizers.com The Sun The Center of our Solar System So what? What is important to understand about this? The Sun is a star, the center of the solar system, and important for life on earth. ALWAYS Stays in the same place Gives us energy Helps some part of the earth A star Hot SOMETIMES It disappears Day & Night We cannot see the sun during the day Solar Eclipse Stormy Weather It seems hotter Seasonal changes Makes the clouds colorful NEVER Moves Is close to the earth Cold A planet Safe to look directly at the sun

21. STRIP MINING - completely removing earth’s surface to access minerals & coal Main Idea CONSTRUCTION – large scale projects (highways) destroying an ecosystem completely WAR – bombs and moving heavy equipment (tanks, etc) over terrain destroys ecosystem ACCIDENTS – events like oil tankers sinking & nuclear power plant “melt-downs” 2 Sudden Catastrophic Impact Quickly & obliviously damaging an ecosystem to the point that it can never be restored Human Negative Impact in the Ecosystem Is about … How people’s behavior impact the environment in bad ways Main Idea FERTILIZERS / PESTICIDES kill a variety of animals & plants; leave chemicals POLLUTION / ACID RAIN waste products that kill organisms & break food chains CONSUMING RESOURCES uses up things needed to maintain an ecosystem (i.e., minerals in soil) 1 Slow Subtle Impact Slowly and not obliviously damaging an ecosystem to the point that it can never be restored 3 1 4 2 2 1 3

27. Topic IDEA knowledge activator I dentify possible related ideas D etermine what’s already known E xpress potential connections to today’s world A sk questions about the topic Non-renewable Resources pollution coal mines oil, gasoline How much longer will the oil supply last? Will oil ever run out? What will we do? We’ve already used up most of the oil in the US – have to buy it from Middle East More oil we use, the more dependent we are on other countries for oil

29. I’d like to know more about … This topic reminds me of … I’ve been learning about… The part I understand the best is … The most confusing part is … I’d like to be able to … Content Learning Log How oil spills are cleaned up. Decomposition – dispersion – physical removal The huge oil tanker that sank in Alaska & caused a disaster Physical removal – it’s a LOT of work, VERY difficult, & takes years Decomposition – I don’t really understand the chemistry part of this How they prevent oil spills – seems like sooner or later, oil tanker will sink Visit the place where the oil tanker sank to see how it looks now