1. Childhood Overweight: Nutrition and Physical Activity Interventions Susan Algert

2. Surgeon General’s Call to Decrease Overweight & Obesity Approx. 300,000 deaths a year currently are associated with obesity and overweight The total direct and indirect costs attributed to overweight and obesity amounted to $117 billion in the year 2000.

3. The Problem In 1999, an estimated 61 % of U.S. adults were overweight, along with 13 percent of children and adolescents Obesity among adults has doubled since 1980, while overweight among adolescents has tripled

4. The Problem Only 3 % of Americans meet four of the five federal Food Guide Pyramid recommendations for intakes of grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy products and meats. More than 60% of Americans fail to meet federal recommendations for 30 minutes of moderate activity five days a week. 40% of adults engage in no physical activity

5. California Approximately 18% of 4 th & 5 th graders were “at risk” for being overweight, and 14% were overweight Approximately ¼ of teens are at risk for obesity and 7% were overweight Low income children consistently higher rates of overweight

6. Costs to society Obesity may account for as much as 6.8% of health care costs in the U.S, roughly 100 billion a year Obesity is associated with a 36% increase in inpatient and outpatient expenditures Strong association with reduced physical health related quality of life

7. Communication, Action Research and Evaluation(CARE) Change perception of obesity so that health is main concern and not personal appearance Direct research toward prevention and treatment and toward ethnic/racial/ income health disparities Ensure daily, quality physical education in schools

8. CARE Healthy food choices in schools Community facilities available for physical activity Reduce time spent watching t.v. and in sedentary behaviors

9. Components of Fitness Strength Flexibility Aerobic conditioning Endurance

10. Energy Systems of Physical Activity ATP Creatine Phosphate

11. Glucose Use Muscles use glucose and their own glycogen stores during exercise When glycogen is depleted muscles become fatigued Diet and intensity of activity affect glycogen use Moderate aerobic activity can use fatty acids and conserve glycogen

12. Fat use during physical activity Energy from breakdown of fat can come only from aerobic metabolism Training affects fat use Sustained moderate activities such as walking use body fat stores as major fuel source

13. Protein Use Not a major fuel source for physical activity Synthesis of body proteins is suppressed during activity Contributes no more than 10% of fuel used during activity Carbohydrate rich diet spares protein from being broken down

14. Fluids Water is most important nutrient Water loss of 1-2% can reduce a person’s capacity to do muscular work Recommendation is for 1-1.5 ml/kcal or ½ cup per 100 kcal expended Electrolytes replaced by regular diet

15. Physical Activity for Children Sports teams Lessons Exercising in a park, sports facility or school

16. Healthy Diet for Children Fat? Sugar? Whole grains, fruits and vegetables