1. TAMPEREEN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU www.tamk.fi University of Applied Sciences LEGISLATION AND SANITATION -Experiences from Finland Kati Hinkkanen TAMK University of Applied Sciences

2. TAMPEREEN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU www.tamk.fi University of Applied Sciences 5,3 million citizens 19 % not connected to sewerage systems 500 000 summer cottages without sewerage Every Finn has used a dry toilet! FINLAND

3. TAMPEREEN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU www.tamk.fi University of Applied Sciences

4. TAMPEREEN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU www.tamk.fi University of Applied Sciences Quality of surface water improving Groundwater drinkable in most areas 300 000 km coastal line 76 000 Islands 187 000 lakes and ponds 10 % of surface area lakes 647 rivers LAND OF THOUSANDS OF LAKES

5. TAMPEREEN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU www.tamk.fi University of Applied Sciences Protect the lake and your property value ” So that our children can swim ” Areas with low population density Lack of water on bedrock areas Rural tourism and national parks Security  Works through out the winter Nutrients for use WHY DRY SANITATION FOR FINLAND?

6. TAMPEREEN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU www.tamk.fi University of Applied Sciences LEGISLATION TO SUPPORT HIGH QUALITY OF SANITATION Government Decree on Treating Domestic Wastewater in Areas Outside Sewer Networks 542 / 2003 Fertilizer production law 539 / 2006 Municipal regulations on construction, waste management and health protection

7. TAMPEREEN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU www.tamk.fi University of Applied Sciences Legislation supports dry solutions Water Toilet NP BOD Bacteria Graywater

8. TAMPEREEN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU www.tamk.fi University of Applied Sciences Booming Sanitation Business New legislation fueled the sanitation business Talk about the waste water treatment  education, training, public dissemination, research and testing facilities, etc. New technologies invented, new business ideas for services Indoor models of waterless toilets become more common Quality of outdoor models improves

9. TAMPEREEN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU www.tamk.fi University of Applied Sciences TOILETS FOR BATHROOMS

10. TAMPEREEN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU www.tamk.fi University of Applied Sciences TOILETS FOR BACKYARD

11. TAMPEREEN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU www.tamk.fi University of Applied Sciences TOILETS FOR TOURISM

12. TAMPEREEN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU www.tamk.fi University of Applied Sciences NUTRIENTS FOR REUSE Commercial use regulated with legislation –Permits and quality plan rather easy to get –At the moment usually combined with sludge management because volumes are quite small

13. TAMPEREEN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU www.tamk.fi University of Applied Sciences NUTRIENTS FOR REUSE Own yard  own business –Composting very common –Urine use not as common as in Sweden

14. TAMPEREEN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU www.tamk.fi University of Applied Sciences POLITICAL SUPPORT FOR DRY SANITATION STRONG Politicians also have used dry toilets Ministers and Members of European Parliament Embassador of dry toilets member of the Finnish Parliament Local authorities in over 400 municipalities more difficult to convince

15. TAMPEREEN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU www.tamk.fi University of Applied Sciences CULTURE KEEPS IT INTERESTING Poems and books about toilets and their use Appearances on TV shows Articles in news papers and magazines –Competitions every summer in Yellow Newspapers on most beautiful toilets Toilet Association since 2003 Dry Toilet Conferences, next will be organised in 2009!

16. TAMPEREEN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU www.tamk.fi University of Applied Sciences Thank you! Kiitos! Perästä kuuluu!