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By Stephen Ferguson and Nick Reed. What are Inhalants? Inhalants are volatile substances that elicit psychological changes when introduced into the body.

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Presentation on theme: "By Stephen Ferguson and Nick Reed. What are Inhalants? Inhalants are volatile substances that elicit psychological changes when introduced into the body."— Presentation transcript:

1 By Stephen Ferguson and Nick Reed

2 What are Inhalants? Inhalants are volatile substances that elicit psychological changes when introduced into the body via the lungs. https://sulli-plan-neuf.wikispaces.com/Inhalants Stephen

3 History  The modern era of Inhalants started when the British chemist Joseph Priestley synthesized nitrous oxide with a slightly sweet odor and no noticeable taste.  In the early 19 th century Inhalants became a way of rapidly becoming drunk without consuming alcohol.  Dentists also contributed greatly to the introduction of nitrous oxide as an anesthetic.  Inhalants came to the attention of the public in the 1950s when the media reported young people sniffing glue.  Compared to other drug groups Inhalants are relatively new to the general public. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8LpFqVyx62o Nick

4 3 Categories of Inhalants Volatile Substances- substances that are evaporated at low temperatures. Anesthetics- important therapeutic agents that can be found in a clinical setting. Nitrates- chemicals that cause the widening of blood vessels resulting from relaxation of smooth muscle cells within the vessel walls.(Vasodilation). Nick

5 Volatile Solvents  This category includes: Spray paints Hair sprays Deodorants Air fresheners Correction Fluids Felt tip marker fluids Other glues Propane Gasoline Nail polish removers Paint thinners Dry cleaning fluids Nitrous oxide Stephen

6 Anesthetics Ether Chloroform Halothane Nitrous Oxide(Laughing Gas) Stephen

7 Nitrates  Mainly associated with “poppers”  Poppers is a slang term for alkyl nitrates inhaled for recreational purposes.  Causes blood pressure to decrease. Found In: Air Fresheners and Video Head cleaners Nick

8 12 Years and Older Drug Use in United States http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/nationwide-trends Nick

9 Stephen

10 Health Concerns  Use of Inhalants by pregnant women may put newborns at risk of developmental deficits.  Case reports have documented developmental abnormalities in the offspring of mothers who chronically abuse inhalants.  Individuals who have abused inhalants for prolonged periods report a strong need to continue inhalant use.  A mild withdrawal phase can occur if a person is a long-term inhalant abuser.  Inhalant users are more likely to start using other drugs like alcohol, cigarettes, and almost all other drugs at a younger age.  If you are using inhalants while you have respiratory condition, then the affects of the condition can worsen. Stephen

11 Medical Usage  Inhalants can be used as therapeutic agents.  Nitrous Oxide(laughing gas) is used in clinical settings on patients. Most of the time it is used for its anesthetic effects. http://www.eastasiaforum.org Nick

12 Mechanisms of Action  Nitrous oxide has a pattern of effects that include stimulant, depressant, and hallucinogenic effects. However the exact mechanism of action on the central nervous system (CNS) is poorly understood.  Volatile substances are rapidly absorbed from the lungs and spread throughout the CNS affecting the properties of lipid membranes. The changes in cell membranes affect multiple cell-signalling processes.  Within seconds of inhalation, the user experiences intoxication along with other effects similar to those produced by alcohol. Alcohol-like effects may include slurred speech, an inability to coordinate movements, euphoria, and dizziness. Nick

13 Absorption  Inhaled chemicals are rapidly absorbed through the lungs into the bloodstream and quickly distributed to the brain and other organs.  Fatty tissue absorbs solvent vapors. Due to their ready absorption into fat, solvents rapidly effect the myelinated nerves in the central and peripheral nervous system. Stephen

14 http://botswana-alcoholaids.tripod.com/id38.html Stephen

15 Physical and Psychological Dependence  High potential for physical abuse even though the users are aware of the negative effects and how it is hurting them they have the need to keep on using.  Withdrawal symptoms include anxiety, depression, loss of appetite, irritation, aggressive behavior, dizziness, tremors and nausea. Nick

16 Questions:  How are inhalants distributed throughout the body? -through the lungs and into the bloodstream.  What are some withdrawal symptoms? -anxiety, depression, loss of appetite, irritation, aggressive behavior, dizziness, tremors and nausea. Nick/Stephen

17 Work Cited Doogue, M. New Zealand, (2005). death due to butane abuse—the clinical pharmacology of inhalants. Retrieved from Department of Clinical Pharmacology, website: http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/118- 1225/1732/http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/118- 1225/1732/ Hanson, G., Venturelli, P., & Fleckenstein, A. (2012). Drugs and society. (11th ed., pp. 420-427). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning. National Institute on Drug Abuse, (2012). nationwide trends. Retrieved from The Science of Drug Abuse and Addiction website: http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/nationwide-trends http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/nationwide-trends


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