1. 1 © 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

2. 2  Positive Psychology › Positive definition  Abraham Maslow’s “Toward a Psychology of Being” (1960’s)  Hierarchy of needs › Realism › Acceptance  Self-concept  Self-esteem › Autonomy › Authenticity › Capacity for intimacy › Creativity 2

3. 3 © 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.  Not the same as psychological normality  Mentally normal simply means being close to average  Psychological diversity › Range of ideas, lifestyles and attitudes  “Mentally ill” versus “Mentally healthy” 3

4. 4 © 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.  Growing Up Psychologically › Developing an adult identity › Developing intimacy › Developing values and purpose in your life 4

5. 5 © 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.  Developing a Positive Self-Concept › Begins in childhood › Integration › Stability  Meeting Challenges to Self-Esteem › Notice your patterns of thinking › Avoid focusing on the negative › Develop realistic self-talk  Being Less Defensive  Being Optimistic 5

6. 6 © 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.  Maintaining honest communication › Assertiveness training  Dealing with loneliness  Dealing with anger › Managing your own anger › Dealing with anger in other people 6

7. 7 © 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.  Anxiety Disorders › Simple, or specific, phobia  Fear of something definite  Most common and understandable › Social phobia  15 million Americans  Fear of humiliation or embarrassment while being observed by others › Panic disorders  Sudden unexpected surges in anxiety  Rapid and strong heart beat  Shortness of breath  Loss of physical equilibrium  Feeling of losing mental control 7

8. 8 © 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.  Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) › Reaction to future threats is to worry › Worries have taken over  Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) › Obsessions – recurrent, unwanted thoughts › Compulsions – repetitive, difficult-to-resist actions  Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) › Reaction to a severely traumatic event  Treating anxiety disorders › Medication › Psychological interventions  Cognitive-behavioral 8

9. 9 © 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.  Depression › Demoralization  Feeling of sadness and hopelessness  Loss of pleasure in doing usual activities  Poor appetite and weight loss  Insomnia or disturbed sleep  Restlessness or, alternatively, fatigue  Thoughts of worthlessness and guilt  Trouble concentrating or making decisions  Thoughts of death or suicide › Dysthymic disorder  Symptoms for longer than 2 years › Treating depression  Medications, therapy, electroconvulsive therapy  Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) 9

10. 10 © 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.  Mania and Bipolar Disorder › Mania versus bipolar disorder › Treatment  Schizophrenia › Not rare › Uncertainty about causes › General characteristics  Disorganized thoughts  Inappropriate emotions  Delusions  Auditory hallucinations  Deteriorating social and work functioning 10

11. 11 © 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.  Self-help › Books › Writing a journal › Religious belief and practice › Social network  Peer counseling and support groups  Professional help › Determine the need › Types of psychotherapy › Choosing a mental health professional  Psychiatrists  Clinical psychologists  Social workers  Licensed counselors  Clergy  Treatment team 11

12. 12 © 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.  Suicide statistics › Prevalence › Gender › Ethnicity › Age  Self-inflicted injury › Prevalence › Gender › Maladaptive coping strategy › Possible warning sign 12

13. 13 © 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.  Expressing the wish to be dead or revealing contemplated methods  Increasing social withdrawal/isolation  Sudden inexplicable lightening of mood  History of previous attempts  Suicide by a family member or friend  Readily available means of committing suicide  History of substance abuse or eating disorders  Serious medical problems 13

14. 14 © 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.