1. The Direct Approach
This approach was developed initially as a reaction to the grammar-translation approach in an attempt to integrate more use of the target language in instruction.

2. Features of the Direct Approach
Classroom instruction is conducted exclusively in the target language.
Only everyday vocabulary and sentences are taught.
Oral communication skills are built up in a carefully traded
progression organized around question-and-answer exchanges between teachers and students in small, intensive classes.
Lessons begin with a dialogue using a modern conversational style in the target language. 
5. New teaching points are taught through modeling and
practice. 

3. Features of the Direct Approach (Contd.)
6. Concrete vocabulary is taught through demonstration,
objects, and pictures; abstract vocabulary is taught by
association of ideas.
7. The mother tongue is NEVER, NEVER used.
There is no translation.
8. Both speech and listening comprehension are taught.
9.   Correct pronunciation and grammar are emphasized.
10. The preferred type of exercise is a series of questions in
the target language based on the dialogue or an
anecdotal narrative.

4. Features of the Direct Approach (Contd.)
11. Grammar is taught inductively--rules are generalized
from the practice and experience with the target
language. 
12. Verbs are used first and systematically conjugated
only much later after some oral mastery of the target
13. Advanced students read literature for
comprehension and pleasure.
14. The culture associated with the target language
is also taught inductively.
15. Culture is considered an important aspect of
learning the language.

5. Typical Techniques of the Direct Approach
(1)  Reading Aloud
(Reading sections of passages, plays or dialogs out loud)
(2)  Question and Answer Exercise
(Asking questions in the target language and having
students answer in full sentences)
(3)  Student Self-Correction
(Teacher facilitates opportunities for students to self
correct using follow-up questions, tone, etc)
(4) Conversation Practice
(Teacher asks students and students ask students questions
using the target language)

6. Typical Techniques of the Direct Approach (Contd.)
(5)  Fill-in-the-blank Exercise
(Items use target language only and inductive rather
than explicit grammar rules)
(6)  Dictation
(Teacher reads passage aloud various amount of
times at various tempos, students writing down
what they hear)
(7)  Paragraph Writing
(Students write paragraphs in their own words using
the target language and various models)