2. North America in 1750

3. The Causes Conflict on the frontier in N. America controlling the fur trade European dynastic challenges Race for colonies throughout the world Sugar Wars

4. The Spark George Washington (21 year old Colonial colonel) Fort Necessity

5. Defeat on the Frontier British defeated at Ft. Duquesne1755 Western Pennsylvania (present-day Pittsburgh) Gen. Braddock's force of 1450 men surrounded and defeated by Indian and French-Canadian forces

6. The Albany Plan A plan to unite the colonies to meet the threat of the French. Failed to unite the colonies. Franklin had plan to use the Iroquois Confederacy as a blueprint

7. The Seven Years War May 8-9, 1756: Declarations of War Great Britain declares war on France. France declares war on Great Britain.

8. British March in formation or bayonet charge. Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings. Drills & tough discipline. Colonists should pay for their own defense. Indian-style guerilla tactics. Col. militias served under own captains. No mil. deference or protocols observed. Resistance to rising taxes. Casual, non-professionals. Methods of Fighting: Military Organization: Military Discipline: Finances: Demeanor: British-American Colonial Tensions Colonials

9. American colonists refuse to serve under British commander (1757) New British commander (Lord Loudoun) closely managed the war effort, demanding exact numbers of recruits and money from colonies. Colonial assemblies began to refuse to cooperate.

10. Massacre at Ft. William Henry Upstate New York 1757 Following surrender of British and colonial garrison to Montcalm (who promised safe passage back to England), Indians killed 185 and took 310 British captive (take scalps, and make slaves of captives).

11. William Pitt guides British war effort 1758-1761 As Secretary of State, Pitt sought to reduce tension with colonists by promising payment in proportion to support of war effort Giving colonial assemblies control of recruitment Sending thousands more British soldiers, Replacing Lord Loudoun with a more reasonable commander

13. Louisbourg and Ft. Duquesne captured by British British-American- Indian forces overwhelm French who abandon Louisbourg The French burn Ft. Duquesne before retreating north. The British rename the area Ft. Pittsburg

14. Battle of Quebec 1759 Through British commander Gen. Wolfe is killed (along with French commander Montcalm), British forces seize Quebec in dramatic uphill attack.

15. Iroquois join British-American alliance (1760) Balance of power tips towards British with this addition Iroquois will use as an advantage to take revenge against their old enemies

16. Spain Joins the Fight 1762 Spain enters the war as a French ally, it suffers defeats from British naval forces in Cuba and the Philippine Islands. Spain is very little help to France

17. End of the War February 10, 1763: Treaty of Paris All French possessions east of the Mississippi, except New Orleans, are given to the British. All French possessions west of the Mississippi are given to the Spanish. France regains Martinique, Guadeloupe and St. Lucia. In exchange for Florida the British give Spain the Philippines and Cuba back.

18. North America in 1763

19. 1. It increased her colonial empire in the Americas. 2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt. 3. Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelings. Therefore, England felt that a major reorganization of her American Empire was necessary! Effects of the War on Britain?

20. 1. It united them against a common enemy for the first time. 2. It created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated. 3. It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify. Effects of the War on the American Colonials

21. The Pontiac Conspiracy April 27, 1763: Indian Wars Pontiac, the Ottowa Chief, proposes a coalition of Ottowas, Potawatomies and Hurons for the purpose of attacking Detroit. May 9, 1763: Battle of Detroit Pontiac's forces lay siege to Detroit. That summer, his allies destroy forts at Venango, Le Boeuf and Presque Isle.

22. The Pontiac Conspiracy July 1763: Smallpox at Ft. Pitt October 31, 1763: Pontiac capitulates at Detroit

23. The Proclamation of 1763 King George orders no settlers west of the Appalachian Mountains