1. Business Communication CMUN 11 Mrs. Waddell

2. Agenda Nonverbal Communication Meyers & Briggs Personality Profile The Generational Divide (if time) Next week: Interviewing & Listening Skills

4. Communicating Without Words We all communicate nonverbally By analyzing nonverbal cues, we can –enhance our understanding –define relationships

6. Cues and Contexts We communicate nonverbally through our bodies and appearance the environment we create and live in

7. Cues and Contexts Nonverbal communication  Perpetual  Frequently involuntary Verbal and nonverbal messages  Clear messages  Mixed messages –words and actions contradiction

8. Aspects of Nonverbal Communication Kinesics – the study of body language Facial Expressions = emotion display

9. Posture and Gestures Posture sends messages: Content and confident? Angry and belligerent? Worried and discouraged? Flight or Fight The way you feel about those with whom you are communicating Gestures sends messages: Movements of arms, legs, hands, and feet send messages about us Gestures do not have universal meanings

10. Functions of Nonverbal Communication Message Reinforcement “I love you” & kisses Message Negation “We need to spend less time together” & moving closer Message Substitution Pointing/gestures/ “OK” sign Message Accentuation “I’m so angry!” & pulling on hair Message Regulation eye contact/posture/gestures Signals flow of conversation

11. Clothing and Artifacts Artifactual communication – the use of personal adornments Extremely important in creating a first impression Dress and chosen images should change as our roles change Sometimes the basis for judgments regarding success, character, dominance, and competence

12. Paralanguage Paralanguage – vocal cues that accompany language Pitch Habitual pitch Volume Rate Pauses Nonfluencies Silence

13. Confused Communication Speech Fillers/NonfluenciesSpeech Fillers/Nonfluencies – confuse the listener, with the message becoming garbled –anything that interrupts the message and can include: –UM –UH –Like –OKAY –You Know –So then –Now…

14. Space and Distance Distances Intimate: 0-18 inches Personal: 18 inches to 4 ft. Social: 4 to 12 ft. Public: 12 ft. to limit of sight Spaces Informal: highly mobile and can be quickly changed Semifixed-feature: the use of objects to create distance Fixed-feature: relatively permanent objects to define the environment around us

15. Territoriality and Personal Space Territoriality – the need to demonstrate a possessive or ownership relationship to space Markers – used to establish territory or reserve one’s space

16. Colors Color affects us emotionally and physiologically Some of the emotions colors can trigger: Excitement Warmth Passion and sensuality Happiness Relaxation Persuasion

17. Chronemics Using time to communicate The meaning of time differs around the world “Time talks” Last minute invitations Habitual tardiness Leaving early Allocation of certain activities to appropriate times Structure time differently

18. Haptics Haptics – the study of the use of touch Culturally conditioned Correlates positively with openness, comfort with relationships Can reflect status Valued differently by different cultures

19. Gender and Nonverbal Behavior Visual Dominance – measured by comparing the percentage of looking while speaking with the percentage of looking while listening Men – higher levels of looking while speaking Women – higher levels of looking while listening

20. Gendered Communication

21. Diversity and Nonverbal Behavior Contact cultures vs. Low-contact cultures Different cultures may express emotion or intimacy in different ways Cultural background also affects their use of touch and personal space Identical nonverbal cues may still convey different meanings in different cultures

22. MEYERS & BRIGGS PERSONALITY PROFILE Speech 5

23. Meyers & Briggs Preference test –Dependent upon context 16 Types –Extraversion/Introversion –Sensing/Intuition –Thinking/Feeling –Judging/Perceiving

24. Extraversion/Introversion Similarities and differences

25. E xtraversion (75%) Relates more easily to the outer world of people and things Life is an open book Gather’s energy with people Expends energy Thinks out loud Many friends Many topics

26. I ntroversion (25%) Relates more easily to the inner world of ideas and concepts Saves energy People draw out energy Territoriality Thinks inside 1-1 relationships In depth relationships

27. Sensing/Intuition Similarities and differences

28. S ensing (75%) Input Would rather work with known facts How you bring your information in Down to earth Likes rules Decisions made on past experience Enjoys using skills they know Routine details Few factual errors

29. I n tuition (25%) Input Would rather look for possibilities and relationships Prefers new skills Works with bursts of energy Attracted by the future Looks for possibilities Hunches Speculative

30. Thinking/Feeling Similarities and differences

31. T hinking (50%) Output Gender 51% of group male Judgments based more on impersonal analysis and logic Linear

32. Thinking (50%) Doesn’t show emotions readily Concerned with the Law Analytical Standards Problems accepting errors

33. F eeling (50%) Output Gender 51% of group Female Judgments based more on personal values Needs and wants harmony Illogically ignores facts when feelings are stronger

34. Feeling (50%) Social values Extenuating circumstances Justice People oriented

35. Judging/Perceiving Similarities and differences

36. J udging (50%) Likes a planned, decided, orderly way of life Systematic way of deciding needs resolution and closure Urgency until decision then calm Strong work ethic Outcome oriented

37. P erceiving (50%) Likes a flexible, spontaneous way of life Experiencing life Accepting of the world Prefers options Resistance to decisions Deadlines are a time to get started Life happens--deal with it Spontaneous, fluid

38. THE FOUR TEMPERAMENTS RATIONALS IDEALISTS ARTISANS GUARDIANS

39. THE GUARDIANS ADMINISTRATORS CONSERVATORS INSPECTORS ISTJ ISTJ PROVIDERS ESFJ SUPERVISORS ESTJ PROTECTORS ISFJ CONCRETE COMMUNICATORS COOPERATIVE in implementing goals Highly skilled in LOGISTICS

40. THE IDEALISTS ADVOCATES MENTORS HEALERS INFP TEACHERS ENFJ CHAMPIONS ENFP COUNSELORS INFJ ABSTRACT COMMUNICATORS COOPERATIVE in implementing goals, Highly skilled in DIPLOMATIC INTEGRATION

41. THE RATIONALS ENGINEERS COORDINATORS Architect INTP Fieldmarshal ENTJ Inventor ENTP Mastermind INTJ ABSTRACT COMMUNICATORS UTILITARIAN in implementing goals Highly skilled in STRATEGIC ANALYSIS

42. THE ARTISANS ENTERTAINERS OPERATORS COMPOSERS ISFP PROMOTERS ESTP ESTP PERFORMERS ESFP CRAFTERS ISTP ISTP CONCRETE COMMUNICATORS UTILITARIAN in implementing goals, highly skilled in TACTICAL VARIATION

43. Keirsey Temperament Distribution Total Results Counted = 6440530 TemperamentPercentageTotal Guardian43.522803032 Idealist30.091938263 Rational13.85892232 Artisan12.53807003

44. SPEECH 5 Keirsey Temperament Distribution Total Results Counted =18 TemperamentPercentageTotal Guardian285 Idealist509 Rational224 Artisan00

45. Extra Credit!!! What type is your instructor? –The first person to guess correctly earns 25 extra credit points –Listen for clues –ONE GUESS PER PERSON

46. Extra Credit!!! Clues –No one in the class has the same type as instructor –Not an Artisan –Two types strongly expressed –Two types extremely slightly expressed

48. Sounds of the Generations Sounds of the generations: –perspectives based on life- changing events Workplaces diversified at all levels –Age –Race –Gender –Ethnicity/culture Impact of technology

49. DEFINING EVENTS 1930s Great Depression Election of FDR1940s Pearl Harbor D-Day VE Day and VI Day Hiroshima/Nagasaki1950s Korean War TV in every home McCarthy HCUAA Hearings Rock n Roll Salk Polio vaccine introduced1960s Vietnam Kennedy elected Civil Rights Movement Kennedy and King assassinations Moon landing Woodstock1970s Oil Embargo Nixon Resigns First PCs Women’s Rights Movement1980s Challenger Explosion Fall of Berlin Wall John Lennon shot Reagan elected Savings and Loan Debacle California: Loma Prieta earthquake1990s Desert Storm Oklahoma City bombing Death of Princess Diana Clinton Scandals Internet/PC boom California: Northridge earthquake 2000s Y2K Dot Com rise and fall 911 War on Terrorism War with Iraq

50. Sounds of the Generations “They have no work ethic. They’re just a bunch of slackers.” “A hiring bonus! Wet behind the ears and he wants a hiring bonus! At his age, I was just grateful to have a job.” “I have a new role. I will not attend meetings that start after 5 p.m. I have a life.” “He asks me, ‘Do you have an e-mail address?’ I felt like telling him, ‘since you were in diapers, buddy.’” “She wants a ‘career map.’ I don’t even know if there will be a customer relations department this time next year.” If I hear, ‘We tried that in ’87’ one more time, I will scream!”

51. The Veterans: 1922-1943 Popular namesGeorge and Dorothy AKA Traditionalists; WWII Generation; The Silent Generation; Seniors Defining events The Great Depression; Pearl Harbor; WWII; New Deal; Korean War; Golden Age of Radio; Silver Screen; Rise of Labor Unions Visible members Harry Belafonte; George Bush Sr.; Jimmy Carter; Phil Donohue; John Glenn; Gloria Steinem Music of their early years Swing; Big Band; Glenn Miller; Duke Ellington; Benny Goodman; Tommy Dorsey; Frank Sinatra

52. The Baby Boomers: 1943-1960 Popular namesTom and Linda AKABoomers Defining events Prosperity; Children in the spotlight; Television (color); Suburbia; Assassinations; Vietnam; Civil Rights Movement; Flower Children; Woodstock; The Cold War; Women’s Liberation: The Space Race Visible members Bill & Hilary Clinton; David Letterman; Oprah Winfrey; Jane Pauley; Bill Gates; Rush Limbaugh; Mick Jagger Music of their early years Rock n Roll; Acid Rock; Elvis; The Beatles; Rolling Stones; Grateful Dead; Beach Boys; Jimi Hendrix; Janis Joplin; Bob Dylan; Supremes; Temptations

53. The Generation Xers: 1960-1980 Popular namesDevon and Li AKA Xers; Twenty-somethings; Thirteeners; Baby busters; Post-boomers Defining events Watergate/Nixon resigns; Latchkey kids; Stagflation; Single-parent homes; MTV; AIDS; Computerized games/emergence of PCs; Challenger disaster; Wall Street/S&L; Fall of Berlin Wall; Persian Gulf; Glasnost & Perestroika Visible members George Stephanopoulis; Kurt Cobain; Jewel; Brad Pitt; Michael Jordan; Matt Groening; Neil Stephenson; Michael Dell Music of their early years Disco; Rap; Raggae; Elton John; Bruce Springstein; Tina Turner; Bon Jovi; Michael Jackson; Guns n Roses; U2; Prince

54. The Nexters: 1980-2000 Popular namesBrandon and Crystal AKA Millennials; Generation Y; Generation 2001; Nintendo Generation; Generation Net; Internet Generation Defining events Computers; Schoolyard violence; Oklahoma City bombings; It takes a village; TV talk shows; Multiculturalism; Girl’s movement; McGuire and Sosa; 911; War on Terrorism Visible members Kerri Strug; Macauley Culkin; Tara Lipinski; Chelsea Clinton; LeAnn Rimes Music of their early years Alternative Rap; SKA; Remix; Jewel; Puff Daddy; ALanis Morrisette; Toni Braxton; Will Smith; Savage Garden; Spice Girls; Hanson; Garth Brooks; Backstreet Boys; Brintney

55. Cross-Generational Success Motivation is key: Money Power Training and experience with influential people Leisure time Alternative schedules Tradition vs. “breaking the mold” Technology/newest hard and software

56. The End