1. MSc Group Project William Irwin Jeremy Laycock Andy ChengEwan Spence Roger Carter Group members :

2.  Project Introduction ◦ Aim ◦ Deliverables ◦ Geographic area and statistics  Areas of Investigation  CO 2 Reduction  Economics  Conclusions ◦ Transferability Agenda

3.  Investigate the potential for a net zero carbon urban community ◦ Defined geographical inner city district - Building interactions - Community energy use ◦ To look at the community as a whole  Identify target sectors ◦ Look at different schemes that can reduce carbon emissions in these areas  Innovative use of resources and waste Aims

4.  Cost-benefit sensitivity exercise over the whole community ◦ An assessment of the potential CO 2 savings of each scheme ◦ A comparison of each scheme based on cost per tonne of CO 2 saved  A methodology that is transferable to other urban communities Aims

5. Methodology

6. Geographic Area Dennistoun Population: 7000 Households: 3300 Electricity consumption: 44GWh per year Natural Gas consumption: 110GWh per year CO 2 emissions: 64000 tonnes

7.  Project Introduction ◦ Aim ◦ Deliverables ◦ Geographic area and statistics  Areas of Investigation  CO 2 Reduction  Economics  Conclusions ◦ Transferability Agenda

8. Areas of investigation

9.  Insulation, double glazing and airtightness  Boiler changes on private housing  Method ◦ Carry out a housing survey  Create base case matching data acquired ◦ Analysis using EDEM  Medium insulation (2002 reg.)  Gas condensing boiler  Sensitivity assessment of best scheme ◦ Required to be cost effective as well as reduce emissions Domestic Demand Reduction

10.  Large Wind Turbine ◦ 800kW/2MW Rated Turbines ◦ Placed on raised green space in area ◦ Generates electricity for brewery ◦ Analysis from Windpower and Merit  Photovoltaics ◦ Placed on rooftops of tenement blocks ◦ Used to meet electrical demand in blocks ◦ 3960W system ◦ Identified 440 sites ◦ Analysis carried out on Merit Renewable Energy Systems

11.  Biomass CHP plant ◦ Use fuel derived from waste in industry  Spent grain from brewery ◦ Microalgae used as biomass fuel ◦ Meets base load of heat and electricity of brewery ◦ Meets nearby heat for social housing  Anaerobic Digester ◦ Utilises human waste to make biogas  Locate in existing sewage plant  Part of a city scale development ◦ Biogas used as fuel Energy from Waste

12.  Microalgae ◦ Captures emissions from biomass plant ◦ Grown in flat panel photobioreactors ◦ Harvested to use as biomass  Urban woodland ◦ Plant trees in unused spaces in area ◦ Simplest form of Carbon Capture Carbon Capture and Sequestration

13.  Project Introduction ◦ Aim ◦ Deliverables ◦ Geographic area and statistics  Areas of Investigation  CO 2 Reduction  Economics  Conclusions ◦ Transferability Agenda

14. Scheme CO 2 saved per year (tonnes) Percentage of total community emissions saved (%) Energy from waste1210.2 Tree planting1960.3 Photovoltaics9071.4 Wind turbine27754.6 Demand reduction51988.1 Biomass CHP  Of which, microalgae 16857  509 26.3  0.8 Total CO 2 saving2605440.7 CO 2 Reduction

17. Scheme Capital cost (£s) Capital cost per tonnes CO 2 saved over 20 year lifecycle (£/tonnesCO 2 ) Tree planting5,7001.5 Biomass8,840,00026.2 Energy from waste67,00027.7 Wind turbine2,500,00045.0 Microalgae 547,00053.8 Demand Reduction25,098,000241.4 Photovoltaics9,240,000509.2 Total Cost46,298,000 Economics

18. Summary of Results  Emissions reduced by: ◦ 26000 tonnes ◦ 41% of the community ◦ 71% within industrial and domestic  Capital cost of £46million

19.  Project Introduction ◦ Aim ◦ Deliverables ◦ Geographic area and statistics  Areas of Investigation  CO 2 Reduction  Economics  Conclusions ◦ Transferability Agenda

20.  Method transferable to other urban communities ◦ Evaluate requirements and resources of the community  Best Schemes ◦ Demand reduction and Biomass CHP best in terms of Carbon Reduction ◦ Biomass CHP is best value economically ◦ Other schemes have potential in the future  Innovate use of resources ◦ Investigate waste and fuel sources within the community Transferability

21. Photobioreactor CO 2 Anaerobic Digester CAFE GRID Community Energy Flow Brewery Biomass

22.  Approach specific to urban communities  Carbon reduction most effective with schemes related to heat demand  Difficult to achieve net zero carbon Conclusions

23.  An urban community cannot be thought of in isolation from the rest of the city or country  Transferable methodology  Significant reduction with potential future savings Conclusions

24. MSc Group Project