1. Acids and Bases
Hydrochloric Acid
Sodium Hydroxide

2. Acids and Bases
When we think of acids and bases we tend to think of science labs and chemicals…but did you know
Acids cause:
Lemons to be sour
Acid rain to eat away at sculptures
Framed paintings to be damaged
Cavities in your teeth
Food to digest in your stomach
Ants and bees use it to sting

3. Acids and Bases

4. Acids and Bases

5. Properties of Acids and Bases
turn blue litmus red
taste sour
Acids corrode metals
positively charged hydrogen ions (H+)
Bases
turn red litmus blue
taste bitter
Negatively charged hydroxide ions (OH–)
Feel slippery
Most hand soaps and drain cleaners are bases
Strong bases are caustic

6. Understanding the pH Scale
pH stands for (presence of Hydrogen)
Numbered from 0 to 14.
The lower the pH number – the higher Acid
That means more Hydrogen Ions (H+)
The higher the pH - the higher the Base
That means less Hydrogen Ions (H+)

7. Acids and Bases
Animated explanation

8. Electrolytes
Mixture of chemicals that use H+ ions to conduct an electrical current.
Fluid that regulates the flow of nutrients into and waste products out of cells.
Where to find Electrolytes
Car battery
Lemon
Pickle

9. Several Types of Acids Hydrochloric Acid. Acetic Acid Citric Acid
Stomach acid - has the sour taste of acid.
Acetic Acid
An ingredient in vinegar.
Citric Acid
Citrus fruits such as lemons, grapefruit, oranges, and limes have citric acid in the juice.
Lactic Acid
Sour milk, sour cream, yogurt, and cottage cheese have lactic acid.

10. Strong Acids Strong Acids Nitric acid (HNO3) Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
Strong Acids
are acids that has many hydrogen ions (many H+). 

11. Weak Acids Weak acids Examples
Are acids that have fewer hydrogen ions (fewer H+).
Examples
acetic acid
boric acid
sea-water, in plants and especially in fruits
carbonic acid
Found in our blood
citric acid

12. Properties of Bases Poisonous and can cause severe burns
Turn red litmus
taste bitter
Negatively charged hydroxide ions (OH–)
Feel slippery
Bases neutralize acids
Poisonous and can cause severe burns
Strong Bases are Caustic.

13. Some Common Bases Ammonia Calcium hydroxide Sodium hydroxide
The most widely used base
Used in household cleaning materials
Used as fertilizer
Calcium hydroxide
Used  to make mortar and plaster
Used to help neutralize acid soil
Sodium hydroxide
One of the strongest bases
Used in oven cleaners and drain cleaners

14. Strong Bases Strong bases Examples
Are bases that produce many hydroxide ions (OH-) when it is dissolved in water.
Are Caustic
Examples
Lithium hydroxide (LiOH)
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Potassium hydroxide (KOH)

15. Weak Bases Examples Weak bases Aluminum hydroxide
Are bases that produce few hydroxide ions (OH-) when it is dissolved in water..
Examples
Aluminum hydroxide

16. Quiz - Acids and Bases Please list two properties of Acids.
Please list two properties of Bases.
True or False A strong Acid has many OH-
Please name one type of Acid
Why should you wear gloves when using strong Bases?