1. Unit 5: The Civil War Through Reconstruction Chapter 15: Reconstruction - High Hopes & Shattered Dreams

2. Radical Republicans
Led by Charles Sumner in the Senate & Thaddeus Stevens in the House
Opposed to the swift restoration of the South
Wanted to use federal power to uproot Southern social structure, punish the planters, & emancipate the blacks
Senator Charles Sumner
(R-MA)
Rep. Thaddeus Stevens
(R-PENN)

3. Lincoln’s Plan
Believed that Southern states never legally seceded from the Union
Wanted restoration to be easy & without malice
Policy called the Ten Percent Plan
A state could be reintegrated into the Union when 10% of its voters from the election had taken an oath of allegiance to the U.S. & pledged to abide by emancipation
Wrote a new state constitution that abolished slavery & elected new state officials
“With Malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation’s wounds.” - Lincoln

4. Wade-Davis Bill
Radical Republicans in Congress turned down Lincoln’s Plan
They created the Wade-Davis Bill (1864)
Required 50% of a state’s voters to take the oath of allegiance stating they were loyal & had never been disloyal
Lincoln killed the bill with a “pocket veto”
Congressman Henry W. Davis (R-MD)
Senator Benjamin Wade (R-OH)

5. John Wilkes Booth Assassinates Lincoln

6. Johnson’s Plan Very similar to Lincoln’s plan
Ratification of the 13th Amendment
Repudiation of Confederate debts
Renunciation of secession
Recommended the vote be given to blacks

7. Congressional (Radical) Reconstruction
Believing that Johnson’s plan was too mild & that the freed people needed more protection, Congressional Republicans took control of Reconstruction
Passed a Civil Rights Bill (1866) & extended the authority of the Freedmen’s Bureau
Approved the 14th Amendment

8. Congressional (Radical) Reconstruction
Passed the Military Reconstruction Act 1867
Divided the South into 5 military districts ruled by military governors
Ordered the states to rewrite constitutions giving the vote to blacks
Required states to ratify the 14th Amendment

9. Congressional (Radical) Reconstruction

10. Congressional (Radical) Reconstruction
Passed the Army Act to reduce the President’s control over the Army
Passed the Tenure of Office Act, forbidding Johnson to dismiss Cabinet members without the Senate’s permission
Approved the 15th Amendment

11. Freedom for African Americans
Congress created the Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) to assist A-As with food, clothing, medical care, & education
Churches became the most prominent social organization & were the first to be fully controlled by A-As

12. Freedom for African Americans
General William T. Sherman issued Special Field Order No. 15
“forty acres & a mule”
Johnson ended land redistribution & returned it to its former owners

13. Freedom for African Americans
Many turned to sharecropping
Rented land & paid the landowner with crops
Turned to local merchants for equipment
Increased the dependency of the South on cotton
Rental contracts & crop liens were renewed if debts weren’t paid, leaving many poor blacks & whites trapped by sharecropping

14. Sharecropping

15. The White South: Confronting Change
In an effort to define a legally subordinate place for A-As, southern state legislatures passed black codes
Tried to ensure a stable & subservient labor force
Established racial subservience
The Ku Klux Klan (1866) formed out of resentment to the changing society
Used terror to create a climate of fear
Goals were to restore white supremacy & destroy the Republican party

16. Black Reconstruction
A-As began to take an active role in state & local govts. in the south
Most supported the Republican Party
Received support from some white voters
Carpetbaggers
Scalawags

17. Black Reconstruction

18. The Mississippi Plan
Democrats in the 1875 election in Mississippi used terror tactics to intimidate the Republicans
Pres. Grant refused to get involved out of fear of losing Northern Republican support

19. Johnson is Impeached Johnson removed Sec. of War Edwin Stanton
Violation of the Tenure of Office Act
Was impeached by the House but came within one vote of being removed by the Senate
The Senate Trial lasted for 11 weeks. Johnson was acquitted 35 to 19, which was 1 vote short of the required 2/3s vote.

20. Johnson is Impeached

21. Election of 1868

22. The Election of 1876

23. The Political Crisis of 1877
“Corrupt Bargain” Part II?

24. The Compromise of 1877
Congress created a special commission consisting of Democrats and Republicans to determine the outcome of the election
Hayes was given the Presidency in exchange for ending Reconstruction & withdrawing the remaining federal troops from the South

25. The Impact of Reconstruction
Many white southerners turned radical in their resentment of freedmen & Northerners
The Republican political agenda stood in the way of A-A’s realizing full rights & protections
Although slavery had come to an end, most A-A’s were relegated to inferior positions