1. North vs South
Civil War

2. The South’s Decision Secession Compact vs. Perpetual Union S.C secedes
Feb (C.S.A) Confederate States of America

3. The Leaders of the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis
VP Alexander Stevens

4. A Northern View of Jeff Davis

5. The North’s Decision Crittenden Compromise (Constit. amendment
Enforce Fugitive Slave Law
 Union would accept free or slave states
MO Compromise line to the Pacific
Lincoln/Republicans reject
Undermine the democratic principle of majority rule (remember platform include Free Soilers)

6. Ft. Sumter South starts the war
Lincoln wants to send provisions to the fort
South attacks and takes fort
Lincoln:
Calls for troops
Places MY under “martial law”
Suspends habeas corpus
Upper South secedes

7. Civil War Defined
 Attrition- a wearing down or weakening of resistance by continuous pressure
Elements of Total War-complete use of resources/ppl
B/c didn’t preserve Southern infrastructure
But, North not a war economy

8. North’s Strategy: “Anaconda” Plan
Blockade South
 Control the Miss. River
Attack Richmond

9. The Union Disadvantages Advantages Not fully supported
Civil unrest (draft)
Military leadership
Exception= Grant
Advantages
Population (22 Mill)
Immigrants (800,000)
Black soldiers (180,000)
85% Industry; 65% Farms
Tactical Plan and Aims
 U.S navy
¾ of nation’s income
Revenue: taxes, bonds

10. The Confederacy Advantages Disadvantages Home field advantage Supplies
Cotton (bargain power)
Govt arsenal supply
Talented officers
 Railroads where needed
High Morale
Disadvantages
Supplies
 Smaller pop. (5.5 mill)
Food b/c cash crops
 Inflation
Leadership
State’s rights undermine organization
Slavery

11. Rating the North & the South

12. Railroad Lines, 1860

13. Resources: North & the South

14. Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

15. Immigrants as a % of a State’s Population in 1860

16. George McClellan, Again!
Lincoln’s Generals
Winfield Scott
Joseph Hooker
Ulysses S. Grant
Irwin McDowell
George McClellan
George Meade
Ambrose Burnside
George McClellan, Again!

17. Battle of Bull Run July, 1861 Drew spectators from North
 Southern victory
Confed. Stonewall Jackson
Ended illusion of short war
When the Union army was driven back, the roads back to Washington were blocked by panicked civilians attempting to flee in their carriages

18. The Diplomatic Struggle 1861-3
 Trent Affair (1861)
Union ship stopped a British ship (Trent) and removed two Confederate diplomats (Mason and Slidell)
 GB threaten war over POWs
Lincoln released the prisoners
Brother Jonathan was a symbol of a Nation made up of a group of equal and somewhat autonomous states.  Jonathan was a symbol of our brother and our equal in another state. Jonathan symbolized a Nation in which the States were primary, and the federal government was secondary.  Uncle Sam, on the other hand, represented the federal government.  As an Uncle, he was our elder, our superior, and our protector.
The transition from Brother Jonathan to Uncle Sam was accompanied by a peculiar transition in grammar.  Prior to the Civil War, while Brother Jonathan was our symbol, the words "United States" were treated as two words with "States" being plural.  For example, you would see sentences like this:
 "With the end of the Mexican War, the United States are at peace"
During the Civil War, the dialect changed, and "United States" became a singular word.  United States would be followed by the word "is" instead of the word "are".  For example:
"With the end of the Civil War, the United States is at peace"
Uncle Sam became the symbol of a nation in which power resided at the federal level, replacing Brother Jonathan, who was the symbol of a Nation in which the power resided at the state level.
The Civil War settled this issue, and with the issue being settled, Uncle Sam became an enduring symbol for the United States.

19. The Diplomatic Struggle 1861-3 Part II
The Alabama – Confederate raider
 Purchased from GB
GB promised to give $15.5 mill for damages
Captured 60 vessels and was sunk in 1864
Results : North had to divert naval strength from the blockade
Laird’s Ram (1863)
GB about to buy ships with iron rams
U.S threatens war; GB cancels sale

20. The Diplomatic Struggle 1861-3 Part III
RECOGNITION," or "NO."
J. BULL to NAPOLEON III. "Can you recognize that thing they call the C. S. A. ?" NAP. "Well, I think I could, if 'twere not for that Big Fellow who stands in front."
The Diplomatic Struggle Part III
England
South wanted them to end the blockade. Rely on fact that GB wants cotton
GB decides on hands off policy
Egypt and India increase their output
B/c of famine need wheat from North
France
Won’t recognize South unless GB does

21. The War (1862) Peninsula Campaign 2nd Battle of Bull Run
McClellan (U) attacks VA
After 5 months, retreats. Bad move
Lincoln replaces McClellan with Pope
2nd Battle of Bull Run
Lee defeats Pope (U)

22. The Battle of the Ironclads March 1862
The Monitor vs. the Merrimac
Establishes Union naval dominance
Changes naval warfare!

23. Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
September 17, 1862
23,000 casualties

24. 1862 Conscription Law (South) Western Campaign
 Men between the ages of liable for draft
Owners w/ 20 slaves or more can be exempt
Western Campaign
Union victories at Shiloh (Grant) and New Orleans (Farragut)

25. 1862 cont. Homestead Act Morrill Land Grant
160 acres of land in the West (Great Plains)
settle and improve over period of five years
 Morrill Land Grant
Large amts of fed. land given to states if est. agricultural and mechanical colleges

26. Emancipation Proclamation (Jan. 1863)
Frees slaves in Confederacy
Preserve the Union
Made the fight a moral issue
South lost Europe 
Confiscation Act (1861)
All enslaved ppl used to support Confederate military freed “contraband”

27. The Southern View of Emancipation

28. African-American Recruiting
Confiscation Act II (1861)
African Americans used in military for North
African American solders
Assigned menial tasks
Many died working long hours in unsanitary conditions
Paid a 1/3rd less than whites (change mid-1864)
Blacks POWs returned to slavery or executed
In 1864, Confederate soldiers killed over 260 African Americans after capturing Tennessee. Most had better treatment in the navy.

29. The Famous 54th Massachusetts
54th Regiment of all black soldiers and a white commander Robert Shaw. Shaw and more than half of the regiment died trying to take Ft. Wagner in SC in 1863

30. Enrollment Act (North) 1863
 All men between liable for draft
Allowed the rich to hire subs or exempt for $300
Led to NY riots, ~120 dead

31. NY Riot
Gangs of New York clip of the riots and dislike of Lincoln respectively

32. 1863 – The Tide Turns Grant takes Vicksburg, secures Mississippi River
Gettysburg (July)
Union repels Lee’s invasion into Pennsylvania
 Most crucial and bloodiest battle of the war
 Gettysburg Address

33. Inflation in the South
North issue Greenbacks. Leads to inflation. Also, created a National Banking System.

34. Copperheads in Politics
 ”Peace Democrats”
Supported war, but don’t like how Lincoln handles
Fear war induced growth of feds and North power
Oppose racial equality
Lincoln re-elected 1864

35. 1864 Sherman’s March to the Sea Grant drives Lee from Richmond
Takes Atlanta then Savannah by December
 Destroyed everything in sight
Broke the South
Grant drives Lee from Richmond
Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865
Assassination of Lincoln (April 14, 1865)

36. Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)

37. Now He Belongs to the Ages!
Assassination
John Wilkes Booth

38. Results 13th Amendment passed 1865 Devastated Southern economy
African Americans free, not equal
 Devastated Southern economy
 Catalyst to industrialization
Women
 nursing an viable career choice now
Clara Barton (Red Cross)

39. Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars