1. English Colonization of New England

2. Puritans Reformation of Anglican Church
Too much like Catholics
Followed teachings of John Calvin
People were born sinners
Predestination
Predestination – Salvation is predetermined by God since he was all knowing. However, if you’re a Puritan, God has probably chosen you, assuming you stick to the strict doctrine of the church

3. Plymouth Colony – 1620
Settlement of North America – Virginia Co. (Joint Stock)
Landed in Mass. south of modern day Boston
Pilgrims called Separatists –isolation was good
Mayflower Compact
Democracy in America
William Bradford
After rejection in England and failing to establish a successful colony in Holland, this group of Puritans worked with the Virginia Company to establish a new colony in Northern Va.
Instead of disembarking in Virginia, they landed in Mass. south of modern day Boston and established a colony far from Jamestown or England
Separatists - they felt the British empire and its Anglican teaching could not be reformed, so they separated from them
Not everyone on board the Mayflower was a Puritan and before they disembarked they formed an agreement signed by all members to live by the rules they determined in the Mayflower Compact – which said that the colonists must abide by the will of the majority
an agreement to legislate for the good of the people
Not a constitution because it did not detail laws/regulations
but opened the door for democratic governance

4. Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630)
Est. a Royal Colony - Boston
Puritans - non-separatists
Governor – John Winthrop
Winthrop called the colony a “City on the Hill”
Built Fenway Park
Est. a Royal Colony
Eleven ships carrying several hundred people landed in Boston.
Governor – John Winthrop
Religion: non-separatists
Winthrop called the colony a “City on the Hill”
They wanted to create a religious society that was the paragon of virtue. A model for those people in England to follow hoping that Anglican reform would take place.
Government:
Town Councils were created
Members of the church were council members
Although they were not church officials they were all high ranking people within the church, so the church effectively made the laws
To vote you needed to be a male, landowner, and a member of the church in good standing.
Economy
Did not long for riches, but they did want to make enough to support themselves and grow as a colony
Small farms, furs, lumber and fishing were the primary exports

5. Puritan Work Ethic Worship & hard work were tenets of Puritanism
They reserved some time for leisure, but not much

6. New England Local Government
Town Councils
Church officials not allowed
Must be church member - high ranking people were elected
Vote: male member of the church in good standing
For a short period of time, you also had to be a landowner to vote

7. New England Education
Old Deluder Acts – grammar school in every town – Why?
New England Primer

8. Economy in New England Subsistence farming
Lumber, fur, naval stores, fish, shipping
Did not want for gold
What was the Puritan philosophy of business?
What was the Puritan philosophy of business? Did not believe in making excess profits. Merchants were simply middlemen who profited from producing nothing

9. Native Relations in New England
Got along at first
Indians were pagans/wild
Puritans leaders feared Indian life would appeal to some Puritans
Some conversion attempts
Got along at first
Indians were pagans - surrendered to their worst instincts
Living in the wild instead of laboring hard to conquer and transcend nature
Puritans feared that the Indian lifestyle would seduce their people to join the Indian ranks
To prevent this the Puritans changed the land
They cut down forests
Created farms
Built English looking structures
They also tried to convert the Indians they encountered

10. Native American Tensions
N Englanders felt Indians underutilized the land.
Land transactions were often misunderstandings
Tensions from cutting down forests to farm, graze, build houses
Led to conflict
N Englanders saw the Indians as underutilizing the land.
They tried to buy/trade for tracts of land
Often there was a misunderstanding with regard to the terms of the agreements
New Englanders looked at the transaction as taking ownership of the land
Natives looked at it as the English being allowed to use the land
Colonists would be upset when they saw Indians walking on what they thought was their land
Tensions also stemmed from the colonists cutting down forests to make fields for farming/grazing/ building houses

11. Religion in Mass Bay
There was almost no tolerance for other religions and certainly not for religious dissent
Roger Williams
Anne Hutchinson
There was almost no tolerance for other religions and certainly not for religious dissent
Roger Williams – came to Mass in 1634
Believed in separation of church and state
Believed in treating Indians as equals, souls to be converted
He was kicked out of the colony and moved on to form Rhode Island in
Anne Hutchinson
Claimed that she received the word of God on her own from prayer and Bible study, therefore she did not need to hear God through her preacher
She left for RI

12. Salem Witch Trials (1692) Salem, Mass
Devil is trying to influence (lack of piety)
Executed 20 people
Cotton Mather
Influential preacher
Bought into hysteria
Convinced devil was influencing people

13. First Great Awakening Secular Puritanism
Jonathan Edwards – 1730s-1740s
Fire and brimstone
Sinners at the Hands of an Angry God
Works for a while, by 1750s secularization continues
Secular Puritanism
Even though the piousness of the Puritans is dying out, the people of the North embrace the idea of hard work still
This develops into a highly diversified, robust economy of commerce, financial services, industry, etc
It flourishes because people work hard to excel and succeed
This can be equated with the development of the North
A movement that took place in NE, Middle and Southern colonies
A revival of religious focus in an increasingly secular America
People in NE more concerned with making money than being Puritans
Safety
Evangelical movement that took place in all sections of the country, across denominations (Presbyterians, Congregationalists (Puritans), Baptists)