2. New England Colonies (1620-1700) I.Intro II.Why? III.Plymouth (1620) IV.Massachusetts Bay A.Founding (1630) B.Dissenters Witches V.New England Society A.Community B.Family Key Terms Puritans Pilgrims John Winthrop Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson Salem Witch Trials

3. Two Dominant Religions In England Roman Catholic Anglican (Church of England) Puritans:Purify Church of all Catholic influences Pilgrims:“Radical” Puritans who wanted to separate from Anglican Church

4. Netherlands = Religious Freedom Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Major Religions In Europe (ca. 1560)

5. Pilgrims Land At Plymouth (November, 1620) Included about 100 settlers About half died within six months

6. First Thanksgiving (1621) Thanksgiving = Indians & Pilgrims work together Pilgrim’s Legacy 1.First permanent English settlement in New England 2.Pilgrims = VERY small in number

7. Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630) John Winthrop delivers “City on a Hill Sermon” Included 11 ships; 700 passengers

8. Great Puritan Migration (1610-1660) Persecution in England led to dramatic increase in settlement By 1700 population was 93,000 in ALL of New England

9. Massachusetts Bay Colony Influential leader Governor of the colony 13 of its first 19 years Church & State were closely intertwined: –“Blue Laws” John Winthrop (1588-1649)

10. Dissenter Minister who called for separation of Church & State. Declared the colony had no legal right to own land. Banished in 1635; moved to “Providence” and began his own colony. Roger Williams (1603-1683) Rhode Island practiced religious toleration.

11. Dissenter A mother of 14 children Challenged the authority of ministers Declared she had direct revelations from God Put on trial and banished; later killed by Indians Anne Hutchinson (1591-1643)

12. Williams & Hutchinson Puritans did NOT necessarily support freedom of religion; they supported the right to practice their religion freely.

13. Salem Witch Trials (1692) In April, several girls began to act strangely Tituba, an African slave, and two others were accused of witchcraft; accusations grew Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Rev Cotton Mather’s Book Provided Brief Trial Narratives Over 300 were accused of witchcraft & 20 were executed

14. Petition For Bail From Accused Witches (1692) Pattern Accusation = Guilty Verdict Guilty Verdict = Execution To avoid execution, a confession was needed Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

15. Salem Witch Trials (How Could This Happen?) Economics: social class & income conflict Puritan’s Goal: “City Upon a Hill”

16. New England: Community Life Homes were close to one another; 150 acre plots were for farming (not necessarily next to home) High population density = Watchfulness –500 people per sq. mile The Meeting House was the “center.”

17. New England: Community Life Farm-land

18. Boston Common Today

19. Land Divisions One person (John Goodnow) grew crops in five separate spots Homes in clusters with Meeting House in center Town Commons = grazing land Sudbury, MA 1639-1656

20. New England: Family Life Family = Backbone of community Stability –80% of children reach adulthood –Life expectancy was 15-20 years longer than in Virginia Family Organization –Father: “True head” of family –Mother: Managed households; often became “deputy husbands” –Children: Provided labor force Sex = Natural & ok; but acceptable only in….  Marriage

21. New England Colonies (1620-1700) I.Intro II.Why? III.Plymouth (1620) IV.Massachusetts Bay A.Founding (1630) B.Dissenters Witches V.New England Society A.Community B.Family Key Terms Puritans Pilgrims John Winthrop Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson Salem Witch Trials